SPSS5_kelseydonaldson_515B01

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PSYC 515

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Feb 20, 2024

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PSYC 515 H OMEWORK : C HI -S QUARE SPSS A SSIGNMENT I NSTRUCTIONS O VERVIEW This worksheet is designed to assess your ability to perform, interpret, report, and graphically present non-para- metric tests using SPSS. Non-parametric tests are used for nominal data and/or when data do not meet the as- sumptions required of a parametric test. Knowledge of these tests provide fundamental skills to critically evalu- ating and producing research in one’s field. I NSTRUCTIONS Be sure you have reviewed this module’s assigned readings and presentations before completing this assign- ment. This assignment is worth 50 points. Each question is worth 3 content points except where otherwise indi- cated (results write-ups are 4 pts each- 45 content points total). Five (5) points are assigned to general format- ting. This includes using ensuring the homework is completed and submitted according to the instructions, SPSS output and images are legible and relevant, and that basic college level writing skills (e.g., grammar) are used in the write-ups. Answers should be placed where indicated (e.g., “ ANSWER”). Note: all questions must be attempted to be eligible for full credit of “format” points. · Please note that for all problems in this course, the standard cut-off (alpha) for a test of significance will be .05, and you always report the exact power unless SPSS output states p =.000 (you’d report p <.001). Re- member to check your graphs! You often have to ADD the y – axis title. · Submit the file as a WORD document (.doc or .docx). Make sure the filename of your submission includes your full name, course and section. o Example: SPSS5_JohnDoe_515B01 Scenario 1 In the recent COVID-19 pandemic, a local precinct observed that of the 75 people who voted, 25 identified as republican, 30 were democrat, and 20 were “other”. Is this similar to pre-pandemic voting based on political party affiliations? At that same precinct, pre-pandemic voting based on political party affiliation was: 35% re- publican, 44% democrats, and 21% “other”. Enter in the 75 data points and expected values into SPSS to con- duct the appropriate statistical test. 1. Name the the variable of interest in the scenario. How many levels does it have, and what are they? ANSWER The 75 individuals who cast their votes are the variable of interest. The 75 people who voted are the variable of interest in this scenario. It signifies that we are intrigued by studying the political party affiliations of these 75 individuals. Three levels of the variable align with the three different political parties: republican, democrat, and other. Based on their political affiliation, each individual falls into different categories or groups represented by these levels. By studying this variable, we can conclude if there has been a noteworthy transformation in voting habits during the COVID-19 situation when compared to times before the pandemic. 2. Calculate the expected frequencies for each of the levels of your variable. Clearly label each group and show all work involving your calculations. Page 1 of 10

PSYC 515 ANSWER The calculated amount for the republicans would be 26.25 by multiplying 35% with 75. If we consider the democrats, the outcome will be 33 by multiplying 44% with 75 The remaining group would have a value of 21% times 75, resulting in 15.75. I started with finding the difference between the observed and expected values for each group. Then I squared this difference before dividing it by the expected value. The republicans would perform the calculation (25-26.25)^2/26.25. The democrats attach significance to the expression (30-33)^2/33. The calculation for the other group involves using (20-15.75)^2/15.75. We can calculate the chi-squared statistic of 1.23 by adding these three values. The calculations for finding the values were done correctly. Observing a decrease of 33%, the value recorded was -25. The product of 75 and 35 equals to 2,625 divided by 100 which gives us 26.25. With an observation count of thirty at a percentage value of forty percent, multiplying it with seventy-five and dividing the product by one hundred yielded an outcome of thirty-three 20 (26.7%) Observed- Other- 75 x 21= 1575/100= 15.75 3. Paste all relevant statistical output in the space provided below: Page 2 of 10

PSYC 515 ANSWER 4. Present the results using APA format. This includes a full write-up to include a complete statistical no- tation as shown in the weekly presentations. Make sure to describe what the conclusions mean in gen- eral terms. Additional examples of APA results sections are also available in the “Helpful Hints” doc- ument. (4 pts) ANSWER Page 3 of 10

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PSYC 515 Whether the political party affiliation of a local precinct's observed post COVID-19 pan- demic is similar to political party affiliation before the pandemic was examined using a Chi Square Goodness of Fit test. No statistical distinction was observed between the rate prior to and following COVID-19. The calculated X2(2, N=75) is 1.479 and the cor- responding p-value is .477. The null hypothesis failed to be rejected. Scenario 2 Is there a relationship between one’s gender and whether one owns a dog, cat, or reptile? Use the data pro- vided in the table below to answer the following questions. Dog Cat Reptile Row Totals Male 20 17 11 48 Female 25 23 5 53 Column totals 45 40 16 101 5. Name the two variables of interest and the number of levels in each. Then, list the levels for each vari- able. ANSWER Variable 1: Gender (male/female) Variable 2: Pet (dog/cat/reptile) Gender two levels; male & female Pet type three levels; dog, cat, & reptile . 6. Paste all relevant statistical output in the space provided below. ANSWER Page 4 of 10

PSYC 515 7. Calculate the effect size. Show the formula and your calculations in the space provided below: Page 5 of 10

PSYC 515 ANSWER √. 03432=0.185 Please see attached work. Page 6 of 10

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PSYC 515 8. Using the degrees of freedom provided by your SPSS output and an alpha value of .05, find the criti- cal value in the appropriate table in the Appendix of your Jackson e-book. Do not round – present all three decimal places. Clearly identify the critical value from your e-book and the obtained value from your SPSS output. Based on this information, would you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis? Does this mean there is a significant difference or no significant difference? ANSWER X 2 cv = 5.992 X 2 obt = 3.467 We fail to reject the null hypothesis. No statistical difference. 9. Present the results using APA format. This includes a full write-up to include a complete statistical no- tation as shown in the weekly presentations. Make sure to describe what the conclusions mean in gen- eral terms. Additional examples of APA results sections are also available in the “Helpful Hints” doc- ument. (4 pts) ANSWER The examination of whether pet type is similar among males and females involved us- ing a Chi Square Test of Independence. There was no observed statistical difference ac- cording to the X2 test (2,N=101), which produced values of 3.467 for the calculation and an associated p-value of 0.18; in addition to this result there was also an estimated φ coefficient equal to 0 .19. No distinction based on gender resulted in the null hypoth- esis remaining unchallenged. The gender variable did not justify the observed differ- ence in pet preference of dog, cat, or reptile. The attachment provided shows the ob- served frequencies for each pet type. Scenario 3 Page 7 of 10

PSYC 515 A student researcher was surprised to learn that the 2017 NCAA Student-Athlete Substance Use Survey sup- ported that college athletes make healthier decisions in many areas than their peers in the general student body. He collected data of his own, focusing exclusively on male student-athletes to see if such habits vary based on one’s sport. He asked 93 male student-athletes whether they had engaged in binge-drinking in the last month (> 5 drinks in a single sitting). Data are provided in the table below. Lacrosse Hockey Swimming Row Totals Yes – Binge 20 17 15 52 No – did not binge 16 15 10 41 Column totals 36 32 25 93 10. Name the two variables of interest. Identify all levels associated with each variable ANSWER Sport 3 levels; lacrosse, hockey, & swimming Drinking frequency two levels; Yes & No 11. Paste all relevant statistical output in the space provided below: ANSWER Page 8 of 10

PSYC 515 12. Calculate the effect size. Show the formula and your calculations in the space provided below: Page 9 of 10

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PSYC 515 ANSWER φ= √ X 2/N = √ 0.272/93 = √ .002924=0.054 Please see attached work. 13. Using the degrees of freedom provided by your SPSS output and an alpha value of .05, find the criti- cal value in the appropriate table in the Appendix of your Jackson e-book. Do not round – present all three decimal places. Clearly identify the critical value from your e-book and the obtained value from your SPSS output. Based on this information, would you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis? Does this mean there is a significant difference or no significant difference? ANSWER X 2 cv = 5.992 X 2 obt = 0.272 Based on the above, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. Meaning there is no statistical difference. 14. Present the results using APA format. This includes a full write-up to include a complete statistical no- tation as shown in the weekly presentations. Make sure to describe what the conclusions mean in gen- eral terms. Additional examples of APA results sections are also available in the “Helpful Hints” doc- ument. (4 pts) ANSWER By using the Chi Square Test of Independence, it was examined if there is similarity in binge drinking among male athletes engaged in lacrosse, hockey, and swimming. There was no notable statistical difference observed with X2(2, N=93) = 0.272, p=.873, φ= ¿ .054. No difference was observed between groups of athletes, leading to the failure of rejecting the null hypothesis. The observed differences in binge drinking were not ex- plained by athletic groups. Attachment provided displays the observed frequencies of binge drinking for each athletic group. Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool. Page 10 of 10

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