Unit 2 PSY6210

pdf

School

Capella University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

6210

Subject

Psychology

Date

Feb 20, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

Uploaded by MateTurtle6492

The Building Blocks of Diagnosis: Interviewing, History, and Collateral Sources Culture and Psychiatric Diagnosis (APA, 2022) Cultural Formulation and Cultural Concepts of Distress Cultural Formulation: ● Outlines a systematic person-centered cultural assessment for clinicians. ● Includes an interview protocol for operationalizing these components. ● Highlights the influence of cultural backgrounds and sociocultural contexts on symptom presentations, interpretations, and help-seeking expectations. ● Can improve care for individuals affected by healthcare disparities. Cultural Concepts of Distress: ● Discusses how individuals express, report, and interpret experiences of illness and distress. ● Includes idioms, explanations, and syndromes. ● Symptoms are communicated using cultural idioms of distress. ● Common contemporary idioms include "burnout," "feeling stressed," "nervous breakdown," and "feeling depressed." ● Illustrates culturally specific explanations and syndromes from diverse geographic regions. Understanding Culture, Race, and Ethnicity in Psychiatry Culture: ● Refers to systems of knowledge, concepts, values, norms, and practices learned and transmitted across generations. ● Includes language, religion, family structures, life-cycle stages, ceremonial rituals, customs, and understanding health and illness. ● Cultures are open, dynamic systems that undergo continuous change over time. ● Culture influences how individuals fashion their identities and interpret and respond to symptoms and illness. Race: ● A social construct that divides humanity into groups based on superficial physical traits. ● Can lead to racial ideologies, racism, discrimination, and social oppression and exclusion. ● Can exacerbate many psychiatric disorders, contributing to poor outcome.

● Racial biases can affect diagnostic assessment. Ethnicity: ● A culturally constructed group identity used to define peoples and communities. ● May be rooted in a common history, ancestry, geography, language, religion, or other shared characteristics. ● Can be self-assigned or attributed by outsiders. ● Increasing mobility, intermarriage, and intermixing of cultural groups have defined new mixed, multiple, or hybrid ethnic identities. Relationships: ● Culture, race, and ethnicity may be related to political, economic, and social structural inequities associated with racism and discrimination. ● Cultural, ethnic, and racialized identities can be sources of strength and group support, but may also lead to psychological, interpersonal, and intergenerational conflict or difficulties in adaptation. Culture and psychiatric diagnosis. (2022). In American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ((5th ed., text rev.)). http://library.capella.edu/login?url=http://psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.boo ks.9780890425787.Culture_and_Psychiatric_Diagnosis

Week 2 Discussion 1: Case Study of John 1. What were your thought processes and reactions as you noted the changing picture presented in John's case? -- As John's narrative evolved, I pieced together his symptoms and postulated a final diagnosis. To avoid misdiagnosis, obtaining as much information as possible about a client's position and mental state is crucial, as John's narrative demonstrates. Spranger Forte, Bento, and Gama Marques’s 2022 systematic review on Schizoaffective disorder in homeless patients highlights the correlation between homelessness schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. 2. Using the diathesis-stress model to assess John's case, what salient vulnerabilities and stressors come to mind? -- Jones and Fernyhough (2007) propose the Diathesis-stress model for schizophrenia, which explains how underlying susceptibility interacts with the origin and development of the condition. According to the case, John's vulnerabilities stem from his siblings' mental health issues, with his brother suffering from schizophrenia and his sister from bipolar disorder. At the age of 18, John experienced a panic over his sexuality, leading him to believe he was gay. John struggles to keep work and housing, lacks social connections, and feels unpopular. 3. Attempt a diagnosis for John, based on your current knowledge, providing the DSM-5-TR and ICD-10 codes, according to the format provided in Week 1. Diagnoses (APA, 2022): (ICD-10 # code) Name of the principle disorder detailed in DSM (principle diagnosis) or (reason for visit) 295.70 (F25.1) Schizoaffective Disorder, Depressive Type 311 (F 32.9) Unspecified depressive disorder Other Factors: (ICD-10 # code) Name of other factors detailed in DSM V60.0 (Z59.0) Homelessness V60.1 (Z59.1) Inadequate Housing V60.9 (Z59.9) Unspecified Housing or Economic Problem

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

V62.4 (Z60.4) Social Exclusion or Rejection References: American Psychiatric Association (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th edition, text rev). Spranger Forte, A., Bento, A., & Gama Marques, J. (2023). Schizoaffective disorder in homeless patients: A systematic review. The International journal of social psychiatry, 69(2), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640221131247 Week 2 Discussion 2: Range of Information in DSM-5-TR Diagnostic Text The psychological DSM-5 TR diagnosis (APA, 2022) that will be covered in this post is: Borderline personality disorder (ICD-10 # code) Name of the principle disorder detailed in DSM (principle diagnosis) or (reason for visit) F60.3 Borderline personality disorder (Assessment and treatment of individuals who have long-term patterns of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity) This diagnosis has been analyzed in the following areas: Diagnostic features- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) specifies ten personality disorders classified into three clusters: A, B, and C. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a cluster B condition defined by a hypersensitive response to rejection and marked impulsivity that begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts, contributing to instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, mood, and behavior (APA, 2022). The current diagnostic criteria for borderline personality disorder allow for hundreds of symptoms that might lead to a diagnosis. This raises the question of how difficult professionals find it to diagnose borderline personality disorder. Individuals can have more than five symptoms; therefore, there are several combinations of six, seven, or eight diagnostic criteria, and those with

severe presentations who meet all nine diagnostic criteria. This implies that BPD can manifest in a variety of various ways. Subtypes and specifiers- No specific subtypes or specifiers are outlined in the DSM-5-TR. Associated features and disorders, including- -No Laboratory findings that can help with diagnosis -Physical examination and general medical condition findings The handbook does not include any specific physical examination results; however, the handbook suggests some medical conditions that individuals with borderline personality disorder may experience psychotic symptoms during stressful times, such as hallucinations and body image distortions. These symptoms may be more secure around transitional objects than in human relationships. Childhood experiences like violence and mistreatment are more common (APA, 2022). Culture, age, and gender features- Borderline personality disorder is defined by impulsivity, emotional instability, explosive or violent conduct, and dissociative experiences. It is common in a variety of locations across the world due to sociocultural environments characterized by societal pressures, competing relationships with authoritative figures, and uncertainty in adaption. To develop a reliable diagnosis, symptoms or features indicating borderline personality disorder must be considered in light of cultural standards. “Although it is more frequent among women, men and women have the exact incidence in community samples” (APA, 2022). Men and women with borderline personality disorder tend to have comparable clinical features, with boys and men having possibly more vital externalizing behaviors and girls and women having internalizing behaviors. The manual addressed these topics very well and gave me another perspective. Prevalence- The book discusses research that demonstrates that the estimated prevalence of comorbidity of this disorder is 1.4%, and the prevalence of borderline personality disorder is about 6% in primary care settings, about 10% among people seen in outpatient mental health clinics, and about 20% among psychiatric inpatients (APA, 2022). I can recall about

a handful of clients I’ve helped asses with this condition, and the rest were behavioral disorders, but it throws me off guard every time. Course of the disorder- Interestingly, the condition has been designated adult-onset. However, in therapeutic settings, the manual mentions a study done on adolescents hospitalized because of their condition. As young as 12 or 13 may meet all the condition’s criteria. It is unknown how many people who initially seek therapy have borderline personality disorder at this early stage. I mentioned in the last section those handful of times I’ve seen this diagnosis on a page, 4 of them were between the ages of 13-15. It was interesting comparing the behaviors between the young clients and the older clients. Borderline personality disorder has long been thought to have a poor symptomatic course, “with severity diminishing as persons enter their 30s and 40s” (APA, 2022). However, prospective follow-up studies have found that prolonged remissions lasting one to eight years are relatively common. In contrast, a lack of recovery is associated with relying on disability benefits and having poor physical condition, both of which will become increasingly difficult to obtain and unstable over time. Familial pattern- DSM-5 reports Borderline personality disorder affects nearly five times as many first-degree biological relatives as the overall population. There is also a higher risk in families for chemical dependency disorders, anxiety disorders, antisocial personality disorder, and depressive or bipolar disorders. Differential diagnoses- According to the DSM-5, borderline personality disorder is frequently associated with depressive or bipolar disorders. Separation anxiety disorder and borderline personality disorder share characteristics such as fear of abandonment, identity issues, self-direction, interpersonal functioning, and impulsivity. Paranoid beliefs or illusions may characterize both borderline and schizotypal personality disorders. However, these symptoms are more ephemeral, interpersonally reactive, and sensitive to external structures in borderline personality disorder. Diagnostic criteria- As I have stated, obtaining a precise diagnosis of borderline personality disorder remains difficult. It is easy to mistake the forest for the trees by focusing on a single symptom and making an inaccurate diagnosis. Borderline personality disorder is a clinical diagnosis that does not need laboratory or imaging studies.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

References: American Psychiatric Association (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th edition, text rev).

Unit 2 PSY6210

Related Documents