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12. Kumari is known for lacking empathy, easily manipulating others without remorse, and being deceitful. a. Describe how personality disorders are abnormal (how do these people differ from people who do not have personality disorders)? b. If Kuman has antisocial personality disorder, what other characteristics would you expect him to display? Give two specific examples. c. If Kuman was a psychopath, how would he be different from someone with antisocial personality disorder? Give three specific examples. d. Why might it be difficult to alter the behavior of people with antisocial personality disorder (or psychopaths)? What biological factors that contribute to the etiology of antisocial personality disorder make it difficult for them to function normally in society? ANS: Answers may include: a. Personality disorders represent long-lasting patterns of maladaptive and inflexible ways of interacting with the world. These people typically have more trouble than a normally functioning person in work and social situations. b. If Kuman has antisocial personality disorder, he may also be unable to delay gratification, and highly focused on pleasure, he may be irresponsible, superficially charming, and rational, but insincere, unsocial, and incapable of love. c. If Kuman is a psychopath, he may act in a more extreme way than someone with antisocial personality disorder. He may be glib, have a grandiose sense of self-worth, shallow affect, great cunning, and be hard-hearted; he may be more likely to perform criminal acts and is motivated by gaining something (money, X, drugs, etc.). d. People with antisocial personality disorder lack empathy and do not respond to punishment because they do not see it as aversive, thus, is it hard to get them to understand the consequences of their behavior on others and to be motivated to change their behavior. This reduced psychophysiological response makes it difficult for people with antisocial personality disorder to function within the mles and regulations of society. DIF: Moderate OBJ: 13.4c MSC: Applying NOT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking | APA Goal 4, Communication 13. Angelique walks into a local hospital looking confused and acting as though she does not know who she is. Doctors admit her to the hospital for evaluation because she is covered in auts and bruises. A few days later, after watching the news, Angelique remembers who she is and asks for help moving away from her abusive husband. a. What type of disorder is Angelique experiencing (emotion, thought, self)? What specific diagnosis would you give her? b. If Angelique had walked into a hospital three states away from her home, what diagnosis would you give her? c. Some people would argue that Angelique’s disorder is actually somewhat adaptive. Discuss how this might be the case in Angelique’s situation. What positive purpose does it serve for her? ANS: Answers may include: a. Disorder of self; dissociative amnesia b. Dissociative fugue c. Lapsesin memory or conscious awareness may be protective for Angelique because dissociative disorders typically occur in response to extreme stress. This may be a way of Angelique’s subconscious protecting her sense of self by separating her from the traumatic events. DIF: Moderate OBJ: 13.4d MSC: Applying NOT: APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, SCIenufic Inquiry and Critical Thinking | APA Goal 4, Communication | APA Goal 5, Professi P 14. In 2004, 3 to 6 children of 1,000 displayed symptoms of autism. a. Explain why this number rose dramatically from previous rates dating back to the 1990s. Would you expect this number to continue to rise over the next 5 years or would you expect it to level off? Explain your response. b. How is the dimensional approach effective in diagnosing autism? Be specific (Hint: Describe how Asperger’s syndrome differs from what many would consider “classic” autism). c. Do you think the causes of autism are preventable? Why or why not (Hint: What type of factors lead to the development of autism)? ANS: Answers may include: a. Better awareness and diagnostic tools, better diagnostic criteria and the applicability of the disorder to a broader array of behaviors; answers may vary —either is fine as long as the explanation is appropriate and reasonable. b. Autism is considered a spectrum disorder, meaning the children may vary in @ O 2

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