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Developmental Psychology 1 Developmental Psychology Student’s Name University Affiliation Course Number and Name Instructor’s Name Assignment Due Date

Developmental Psychology 2 Developmental Psychology What are the genetic foundations of development described in the text? Chapter 2 of the text addresses the genetics reproduction where the genetic foundations of development are discussed. There are 46 chromosomes in the nucleus of the human cells; existing in pairs. These are structures that are thread-like, and contain the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The DNA is a complex staircase-shaped molecule containing the genes. It is the genes that carry the hereditary information and make up the human genome. Development starts with either mitosis (cellular reproduction), or through meiosis (specialized cell division leading to the formation of gametes or sex cells). Fertilization takes place when the sex cells fuse to form a zygote. What are some reproductive challenges and choices described (infertility and reproductive technology, prenatal testing, adoption)? Among the reproductive challenges addressed in chapter 2 are the prenatal diagnostic tests, adoption and infertility and reproductive technology. Prospective mothers have the choice of how far they are to undergo the prenatal tests. There are various tests that are used to indicate how the fetus is developing; such as the fetal MRI, maternal blood screening, ultrasound sonography, non-invasive prenatal diagnosis, and chorionic villus sampling. Another challenge discussed in Chapter 2 of the text is infertility and reproductive technology. Up to 15% of couples in the United States suffer infertility. Fertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular intercourse without using any contraceptives. Infertility can rest with the man or the woman. Among the reproductive technology employed to cure infertility are surgery, drugs

Developmental Psychology 3 based on hormones, and InVitro Fertilization. The new reproductive technologies raise ethical questions regarding the psychological and physical problems to the children such as low birth weight. Adoption is also discussed as a solution to infertility. It refers to the legal and social process that establishes a parent-child relationship between people who does not share a birth relationship. Children adopted early in life are more satisfied and settled in life than those that are adopted in their teens or remain non-adopted. What are some ways that heredity and environment interact to impact development, according to the text? According to the text in Chapter 2, heredity and environment are related in three basic ways. One is the passive genotype-environment correlation that takes place by the genetically related biological parents offer the environment for development. The second is the evocative genotype-environment correlation. This occurs by the genetic characteristics of the child developing certain types of environments. The third way is active genotype-environment correlations, where the children are looking out for the environments they find stimulating and compatible. After describing the information from the readings, share your perspective as well. Are there other aspects that you think should be considered when we discuss biological aspects of development? From a personal perspective, the biological progression before childbirth; the prenatal development; carries the biggest load of biological development. The germinal stage of this development is where conception, implantation and the formation of the placenta occur. It

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Developmental Psychology 4 signifies the first biological exchanges. This is the pre-cursor to the embryonic and fetal stages of growth and development.

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