Chapter 10 and Chapter 11 Review

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Nov 24, 2024

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1 Chapter 10 and Chapter 11 Review Name Institutional Affiliation Course name Instructor’s name Assignment due date

2 Chapter 10 and Chapter 11 Review Chapter 10 How Do Psychologists Define and Use the Concept of Personality? Psychologists define personality as a combination of thought, emotion, behavior, and motivation patterns that define a person. An individual’s personality influences their thoughts, emotions, motivation, and behaviors, leading them to behave, think or feel in a certain way. Personality leads every person to be unique in their ways. Psychologists use the concept of personality to study the differences and similarities in behavior, emotion, motivation, and thoughts patterns among different individuals. The study on personality started with Hippocrates' theory of humorism, which divides personality traits into four temperaments, associating them with the four fluids of the human body. What Do the Theories of Freud and His Successors Tell Us About the Structure and Development of Personality? According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, personality emerges through phases, each marked by an internal psychological struggle. Moreover, Freud states that our identity arises through connections amongst the three main components of the human mind, which he acknowledged as the id, superego, and ego. Struggles between these three arrangements and our exertions to an equilibrium between what each "desires" dictate how we act and opinion the world. In each given situation, the balance we bring about determines how we resolve the tension between two main behavioral affinities: our natural violent and pleasure-seeking impulses vs. our learned internal control over those needs. Freud thought that the ego, superego, and id were always at odds and that the results of these internal conflicts throughout infancy shaped human

3 nature and conduct. He felt that people with durable egos had healthy personalities and that inequities in this system might lead to neurosis and undesirable activities. Chapter 11 How Is Psychology a Union Between Medicine and Psychology? Psychology is a union between psychology and medicine since it uses psychology to determine a diagnosis that may need treatment. Moreover, to treat some illnesses, psychology must incorporate both medicine and psychology in a client’s treatment plan. Additionally, psychology may help in dealing with the misuse of medicine. Sometimes people end up using medicines to the point of becoming independent of them; therefore, they need psychology to help them overcome their addiction. By combining psychology and medicine, patients can get the best services compared to when one does not combine them. How Does Stress Affect Us, And How Can We Best Cope with It? Stress involves a feeling of pressure or strain. Stress may affect an individual in either a positive or a negative way, depending on how they choose to deal with it. People deal with stress differently; for instance, some push themselves to work hard. While working hard is fine, it may overwhelm an individual if they do not get the desired results. Since different people deal with stress differently, one needs to understand themselves before coming up with ways to cope with it. If one does not understand themselves, it is important to seek help from a professional who can help one devise effective ways to deal with the stress. By seeking help, one can get a chance to understand themselves better and the encouragement they need to deal with the stress when it becomes overwhelming. How Do Psychological Factors Affect Health-Related Problems Such as Coronary Heart Disease, Cancer, And Smoking?

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4 Psychological factors can affect individuals with cancer, smoking problems, and heart diseases, leading to an increase in the chances of individuals undergoing depression. When suffering from cancer, smoking, and coronary heart diseases, it is easy to fall into bad habits due to all the stress that comes with the diseases. Falling into bad habits results from wanting to feel good or forget what they are going through, even for a moment. With time one gets used to the bad habits to the point where they turn to addiction instead of a way to cope with stress or problems. Therefore, when dealing with some diseases, it is important to seek help whenever one feels as if the stress is too overwhelming. Through seeking help, one can learn different ways to cope with stress without falling into bad habits.

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