QUIZ 2- MODULES 4-7 & CHAPTERS 3-6

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Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 68 minutes 28 out of 30 * *  Some questions not yet graded Score for this quiz:  28  out of 30 * Submitted Jun 16 at 11:10pm This attempt took 68 minutes.   Question 1 1 / 1 pts In a time-series graph, like the one shown below, behavior is judged to be ______________ when, over repeated observations, there is little “bounce” and no systematic trend.     Correct!    stable      vectorized      finalized  
   confounded     Question 2 1 / 1 pts The data in the below graph were collected using one of the single-subject experimental designs. Which one? Correct!    Alternating-treatments design      Multiple-baseline design      Comparison (A-B) design      Reversal (A-B-A) design     Question 3 1 / 1 pts The data in the below graph were collected using one of the single-subject experimental designs. Which one?
Correct!    Multiple-baseline design      Comparison (A-B) design
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     Reversal (A-B-A) design      Alternating-treatments design     Question 4 1 / 1 pts Some independent variables will permanently change behavior. If one anticipates that the independent variable will produce a permanent (irreversible) effect, then we cannot use a reversal design or an alternating-treatments design. Instead, in order to rule out confounds, we will have to use a _____________________ design.    alternating-treatments      reversal (A-B-A)   Correct!    multiple-baseline      comparison (A-B)     Question 5 1 / 1 pts ______________ are variables that are influencing behavior within an experiment, but are not controlled by the researcher.      Controls   Correct!    Confounds  
   Constants      Experimentals     Question 6 1 / 1 pts If you recall the three steps in the visual analysis, then you can look at the data in the inset graph and confidently conclude…    the intervention is responsible for the change in level.      the intervention is responsible for the change is trend.   Correct!    there is a convincing change in trend in the intervention phase.      nothing; these data are entirely too “bouncy” to reach any conclusions.    
Question 7 1 / 1 pts Experimental designs that expose individuals to baseline (independent variable OFF) and  experimental (independent variable ON) phases to determine if the independent variable systematically and reliably changes behavior are known as ________?   Correct!    Single-subject      Group      Double-blind      Inferential     Question 8 1 / 1 pts
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In panel A of the below figure, the change in __________ is much more convincing because there is ______________.    trend; data      level; data      level; less “bounce”   Correct!    trend; less “bounce”    
Question 9 1 / 1 pts Pavlovian generalization occurs when a conditioned response (CR) is evoked by a(n) _____________ stimulus because that stimulus resembles a conditioned stimulus (CS).    VS      over-learned      Raynerian   Correct!    novel     Question 10 1 / 1 pts Pavlovian learning is demonstrated when the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS). We know the CS has acquired this behavioral function when it…    evokes the unconditioned stimulus (US)   Correct!    evokes the conditioned response (CR)      elicits the Moro reflex      evokes the unconditioned response (UR)     Question 11 1 / 1 pts
The book discusses three things learned during Pavlovian conditioning. The second of these was discussed while referring to the inset figure. What is the second thing learned during Pavlovian conditioning?    The US signals when the US will occur.      The CS signals when the CS will occur.   Correct!    The CS signals when the US will occur.      The US signals when the CS will occur.     Question 12 1 / 1 pts The book discusses three things learned during Pavlovian conditioning. The third of these was discussed while referring to the inset figure. What is the third thing learned during Pavlovian conditioning?
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   The CS elicits pecking.      The US signals which CS is coming,      The CS elicits closed-beak pecking in female pigeons, and open-beak pecking in males   Correct!    The CS signals which US is coming.     Question 13 1 / 1 pts If a teacher consistently reprimands a child before yelling angrily, the reprimand alone can evoke a conditioned fear response. In this example of Pavlovian conditioning, the angry yelling is classified as a(n) _______ because it elicits fear with no prior learning.    conditioned stimulus (CS)   Correct!    unconditioned stimulus (US)      conditioned response (CR)      unconditioned response (UR)     Question 14 0 / 1 pts ___________ ____________ learning occurs when at food or drink acquires CS properties because, after it is consumed, the individual experiences a nauseous, gastro-intestinal illness (the US) Correct Answer    taste aversion
     generalized consumption   You Answered    food allergy      olfactory avoidance     Question 15 1 / 1 pts Imagine that Mary Cover Jones worked with her client, Peter, for one session. By the end of the session, Dr. Cover Jones presents the furry animal and Peter shows no fear. Two days later, Peter returns to the therapist’s office, encounters the rabbit, and experiences a moderately strong fear response. This  increase in conditioned responding following the passage of time since the last session is known as… Correct!    spontaneous recovery      resurgence of avoidance      fear emergence      respondent reinstatement     Question 16 1 / 1 pts Use your memory of the book’s flowchart to decide if the stimulus change (bolded) is a reinforcer or not. The behavior if interest is underlined . MacLean  cut her finger  so she immediately drove to the hospital .  At the hospital, she was required to complete some forms, was eventually seen by a physician, and was released with 10 stitches.
Correct!    No, this is not a reinforcer      Yes, this is a reinforcer     Question 17 1 / 1 pts For this item, match the antecedent, the behavior, and the consequence.  The diner takes a bite of the granola and yogurt as soon as it is delivered. The yogurt has soured, so it tastes terrible.  Correct! Antecedent                  the granola and yogurt are delivered              Correct! Behavior                  taking a bite of the granola and yogurt              Correct! Consequence                  the terrible taste in the mouth                Question 18 1 / 1 pts For this question, match the antecedent, the behavior, and the consequence. The hiker hears a rustling in the bushes. The hiker stops and looks carefully toward the sound. The hiker sees a snake slithering under the bush. Correct! Antecedent                  rustling sound              Correct! Behavior                  looking at the bush              Correct!
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Consequnce                  seeing the snake                Question 19 0 / 1 pts A _________________   is  a consequence that increases operant behavior above its baseline level . You Answered    reinforcement   Correct Answer    reinforcer      incentive      reward     Question 20 1 / 1 pts For this question, decide if the stimulus change ( underlined and   italicized ) is a reinforcer or not. The behavior of interest is  bolded . Alonzo is teaching his first middle-school Math class. He asks the students a question and one student,  Freya   raises her hand Alonzo runs to her desk and gives her a high-five .        No answer text provided.      Yes, this stimulus change (the high-five) is a reinforcer      No, this stimulus change (the high-five) is not a reinforcer
  Correct!    Not enough information is provided to make this decision.     Question 21 1 / 1 pts An operant behavior, like turning on the AC, is a _______________ class of behavior comprised of lots of topographically (physically) different responses, all of which produce the same consequence. Correct!    generic      genetic      phylogenetic      innate     Question 22 1 / 1 pts Use your memory of the book’s flowchart to decide if the stimulus change (bolded) is a reinforcer or not. The behavior if interest is underlined . Anderson  received his package  after placing his order  with an international online retailer. Although Anderson hates that this retailer treats their fulfillment center employees badly, he buys a lot of stuff from them. It’s just so convenient! However, if Anderson's orders were never delivered to his house, he would eventually stop buying things from this retailer.     No, this is not a reinforcer   Correct!    Yes, this is a reinforcer  
  Question 23 1 / 1 pts This form of negative reinforcement is defined as a consequent prevention of a stimulus change, the effect of which is to increase operant behavior above its no-reinforcer baseline level.   Correct!    avoidance      escape      extinction      access     Question 24 1 / 1 pts Lighting a citronella candle to prevent bug bites is an example of ______, while applying anti- itch cream to reduce the irritation of a bug bite is an example of ______.    negative reinforcement – avoidance (SRA-); positive reinforcement (SR+)      negative reinforcement – escape (SRE-); negative reinforcement – avoidance (SRA-)   Correct!    negative reinforcement – avoidance (SRA-); negative reinforcement – escape (SRE-)      positive reinforcement (SR+); negative reinforcement – avoidance (SRA-)     Question 25 1 / 1 pts
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Markus is studying at the kitchen island when his mom comes in and starts making dinner. The commotion is distracting, so he  puts on his headphones  and  the noise is gone . Assuming that this stimulus removal functions as a reinforcer, it would be classified as a...      positive reinforcer (SR+)      none of the above      negative reinforcer – avoidance (SRA-)   Correct!    negative reinforcer – escape (SRE-)     Question 26 1 / 1 pts Loss aversion refers to the phenomenon of placing more value on ______ than ______    negative reinforcers – avoidance (SRA-); negative reinforcers – escape (SRE-)      positive reinforcers (SR+), negative reinforcers – avoidance (SRA-)      positive reinforcers (SR+); negative reinforcers – escape (SRE-)   Correct!    negative reinforcers – avoidance (SRA-); positive reinforcers (SR+)     Question 27 1 / 1 pts Laura is going to make fried chicken for dinner. They buy a whole chicken at the grocery store and then uses their poultry scissors to  cut out the backbone.  Backbone removed , Laura soaks the chicken in buttermilk before applying the flour and frying it up. This is the way Laura has
always made fried chicken. Assuming that this stimulus removal functions as a reinforcer, it would be classified as a...    negative reinforcer – avoidance (SRA-)   Correct!    negative reinforcer – escape (SRE-)      positive reinforcer (SR+)      one of the above     Question 28 1 / 1 pts A stimulus change can include either the __________________ or the ______________ of a stimulus.    altering; non-altering   Correct!    presentation; removal      reinforcement; punishment      awareness; unawareness     Question 29 1 / 1 pts Another objection to the use of reinforcement is that it causes people to choke under pressure. However, this only seems to happen when ________ reinforcers are available.    small
     social      modest   Correct!    very large     Question 30 1 / 1 pts Amanda  made a fancy, handmade note  in which she asked her father if he would take her to a local garden park. He thought it was adorable, so he  took her to the park . A month later, Amanda made a similar card and gave it to her mother. Assuming that the trip to the park functioned as a reinforcer, it would be classified as a... Correct!    positive reinforcer (SR+)      negative reinforcer – avoidance (SRA-)      none of the above      negative reinforcer – escape (SRE-)     Question 31 Not yet graded / 0 pts Extra Credit: Describe the steps you would take to shape a child's behavior of tying her shoes when she currently cannot complete any steps for this skill independently. List the specific steps you would use (minimum of 4) to teach this skill and how you would transition to the next step. Your Answer: The steps I would take to shape a child's behavior of tying shoes independently would be:
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Step 1: Guide the child to hold one lace in the right hand and the other lace in the left hand. Step 2: Guide the child to cross the laces over each other to form an X with both laces. Step 3: Direct the child to tuck the top lace under the bottom lace and pull it through. Step 4: Direct the child to make a bunny loop with each lace and then cross them to form another X. To transition to the next step I would practice multiple times before moving on to the next step to ensure mastery. I would also use the most-to-least prompt hierarchy.    Quiz Score:  28  out of 30 Previous Next Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 68 minutes 28 out of 30 * *  Some questions not yet graded Score for this quiz:  28  out of 30 * Submitted Jun 16 at 11:10pm This attempt took 68 minutes.   Question 1 1 / 1 pts In a time-series graph, like the one shown below, behavior is judged to be ______________ when, over repeated observations, there is little “bounce” and no systematic trend.  
  Correct!    stable      vectorized      finalized      confounded     Question 2 1 / 1 pts The data in the below graph were collected using one of the single-subject experimental designs. Which one?
Correct!    Alternating-treatments design      Multiple-baseline design      Comparison (A-B) design      Reversal (A-B-A) design     Question 3 1 / 1 pts The data in the below graph were collected using one of the single-subject experimental designs. Which one?
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Correct!    Multiple-baseline design      Comparison (A-B) design
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     Reversal (A-B-A) design      Alternating-treatments design     Question 4 1 / 1 pts Some independent variables will permanently change behavior. If one anticipates that the independent variable will produce a permanent (irreversible) effect, then we cannot use a reversal design or an alternating-treatments design. Instead, in order to rule out confounds, we will have to use a _____________________ design.    alternating-treatments      reversal (A-B-A)   Correct!    multiple-baseline      comparison (A-B)     Question 5 1 / 1 pts ______________ are variables that are influencing behavior within an experiment, but are not controlled by the researcher.      Controls   Correct!    Confounds  
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   Constants      Experimentals     Question 6 1 / 1 pts If you recall the three steps in the visual analysis, then you can look at the data in the inset graph and confidently conclude…    the intervention is responsible for the change in level.      the intervention is responsible for the change is trend.   Correct!    there is a convincing change in trend in the intervention phase.      nothing; these data are entirely too “bouncy” to reach any conclusions.    
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Question 7 1 / 1 pts Experimental designs that expose individuals to baseline (independent variable OFF) and  experimental (independent variable ON) phases to determine if the independent variable systematically and reliably changes behavior are known as ________?   Correct!    Single-subject      Group      Double-blind      Inferential     Question 8 1 / 1 pts
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In panel A of the below figure, the change in __________ is much more convincing because there is ______________.    trend; data      level; data      level; less “bounce”   Correct!    trend; less “bounce”    
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Question 9 1 / 1 pts Pavlovian generalization occurs when a conditioned response (CR) is evoked by a(n) _____________ stimulus because that stimulus resembles a conditioned stimulus (CS).    VS      over-learned      Raynerian   Correct!    novel     Question 10 1 / 1 pts Pavlovian learning is demonstrated when the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS). We know the CS has acquired this behavioral function when it…    evokes the unconditioned stimulus (US)   Correct!    evokes the conditioned response (CR)      elicits the Moro reflex      evokes the unconditioned response (UR)     Question 11 1 / 1 pts
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The book discusses three things learned during Pavlovian conditioning. The second of these was discussed while referring to the inset figure. What is the second thing learned during Pavlovian conditioning?    The US signals when the US will occur.      The CS signals when the CS will occur.   Correct!    The CS signals when the US will occur.      The US signals when the CS will occur.     Question 12 1 / 1 pts The book discusses three things learned during Pavlovian conditioning. The third of these was discussed while referring to the inset figure. What is the third thing learned during Pavlovian conditioning?
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   The CS elicits pecking.      The US signals which CS is coming,      The CS elicits closed-beak pecking in female pigeons, and open-beak pecking in males   Correct!    The CS signals which US is coming.     Question 13 1 / 1 pts If a teacher consistently reprimands a child before yelling angrily, the reprimand alone can evoke a conditioned fear response. In this example of Pavlovian conditioning, the angry yelling is classified as a(n) _______ because it elicits fear with no prior learning.    conditioned stimulus (CS)   Correct!    unconditioned stimulus (US)      conditioned response (CR)      unconditioned response (UR)     Question 14 0 / 1 pts ___________ ____________ learning occurs when at food or drink acquires CS properties because, after it is consumed, the individual experiences a nauseous, gastro-intestinal illness (the US) Correct Answer    taste aversion
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     generalized consumption   You Answered    food allergy      olfactory avoidance     Question 15 1 / 1 pts Imagine that Mary Cover Jones worked with her client, Peter, for one session. By the end of the session, Dr. Cover Jones presents the furry animal and Peter shows no fear. Two days later, Peter returns to the therapist’s office, encounters the rabbit, and experiences a moderately strong fear response. This  increase in conditioned responding following the passage of time since the last session is known as… Correct!    spontaneous recovery      resurgence of avoidance      fear emergence      respondent reinstatement     Question 16 1 / 1 pts Use your memory of the book’s flowchart to decide if the stimulus change (bolded) is a reinforcer or not. The behavior if interest is underlined . MacLean  cut her finger  so she immediately drove to the hospital .  At the hospital, she was required to complete some forms, was eventually seen by a physician, and was released with 10 stitches.
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Correct!    No, this is not a reinforcer      Yes, this is a reinforcer     Question 17 1 / 1 pts For this item, match the antecedent, the behavior, and the consequence.  The diner takes a bite of the granola and yogurt as soon as it is delivered. The yogurt has soured, so it tastes terrible.  Correct! Antecedent                  the granola and yogurt are delivered              Correct! Behavior                  taking a bite of the granola and yogurt              Correct! Consequence                  the terrible taste in the mouth                Question 18 1 / 1 pts For this question, match the antecedent, the behavior, and the consequence. The hiker hears a rustling in the bushes. The hiker stops and looks carefully toward the sound. The hiker sees a snake slithering under the bush. Correct! Antecedent                  rustling sound              Correct! Behavior                  looking at the bush              Correct!
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Consequnce                  seeing the snake                Question 19 0 / 1 pts A _________________   is  a consequence that increases operant behavior above its baseline level . You Answered    reinforcement   Correct Answer    reinforcer      incentive      reward     Question 20 1 / 1 pts For this question, decide if the stimulus change ( underlined and   italicized ) is a reinforcer or not. The behavior of interest is  bolded . Alonzo is teaching his first middle-school Math class. He asks the students a question and one student,  Freya   raises her hand Alonzo runs to her desk and gives her a high-five .        No answer text provided.      Yes, this stimulus change (the high-five) is a reinforcer      No, this stimulus change (the high-five) is not a reinforcer
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  Correct!    Not enough information is provided to make this decision.     Question 21 1 / 1 pts An operant behavior, like turning on the AC, is a _______________ class of behavior comprised of lots of topographically (physically) different responses, all of which produce the same consequence. Correct!    generic      genetic      phylogenetic      innate     Question 22 1 / 1 pts Use your memory of the book’s flowchart to decide if the stimulus change (bolded) is a reinforcer or not. The behavior if interest is underlined . Anderson  received his package  after placing his order  with an international online retailer. Although Anderson hates that this retailer treats their fulfillment center employees badly, he buys a lot of stuff from them. It’s just so convenient! However, if Anderson's orders were never delivered to his house, he would eventually stop buying things from this retailer.     No, this is not a reinforcer   Correct!    Yes, this is a reinforcer  
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  Question 23 1 / 1 pts This form of negative reinforcement is defined as a consequent prevention of a stimulus change, the effect of which is to increase operant behavior above its no-reinforcer baseline level.   Correct!    avoidance      escape      extinction      access     Question 24 1 / 1 pts Lighting a citronella candle to prevent bug bites is an example of ______, while applying anti- itch cream to reduce the irritation of a bug bite is an example of ______.    negative reinforcement – avoidance (SRA-); positive reinforcement (SR+)      negative reinforcement – escape (SRE-); negative reinforcement – avoidance (SRA-)   Correct!    negative reinforcement – avoidance (SRA-); negative reinforcement – escape (SRE-)      positive reinforcement (SR+); negative reinforcement – avoidance (SRA-)     Question 25 1 / 1 pts
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Markus is studying at the kitchen island when his mom comes in and starts making dinner. The commotion is distracting, so he  puts on his headphones  and  the noise is gone . Assuming that this stimulus removal functions as a reinforcer, it would be classified as a...      positive reinforcer (SR+)      none of the above      negative reinforcer – avoidance (SRA-)   Correct!    negative reinforcer – escape (SRE-)     Question 26 1 / 1 pts Loss aversion refers to the phenomenon of placing more value on ______ than ______    negative reinforcers – avoidance (SRA-); negative reinforcers – escape (SRE-)      positive reinforcers (SR+), negative reinforcers – avoidance (SRA-)      positive reinforcers (SR+); negative reinforcers – escape (SRE-)   Correct!    negative reinforcers – avoidance (SRA-); positive reinforcers (SR+)     Question 27 1 / 1 pts Laura is going to make fried chicken for dinner. They buy a whole chicken at the grocery store and then uses their poultry scissors to  cut out the backbone.  Backbone removed , Laura soaks the chicken in buttermilk before applying the flour and frying it up. This is the way Laura has
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always made fried chicken. Assuming that this stimulus removal functions as a reinforcer, it would be classified as a...    negative reinforcer – avoidance (SRA-)   Correct!    negative reinforcer – escape (SRE-)      positive reinforcer (SR+)      one of the above     Question 28 1 / 1 pts A stimulus change can include either the __________________ or the ______________ of a stimulus.    altering; non-altering   Correct!    presentation; removal      reinforcement; punishment      awareness; unawareness     Question 29 1 / 1 pts Another objection to the use of reinforcement is that it causes people to choke under pressure. However, this only seems to happen when ________ reinforcers are available.    small
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     social      modest   Correct!    very large     Question 30 1 / 1 pts Amanda  made a fancy, handmade note  in which she asked her father if he would take her to a local garden park. He thought it was adorable, so he  took her to the park . A month later, Amanda made a similar card and gave it to her mother. Assuming that the trip to the park functioned as a reinforcer, it would be classified as a... Correct!    positive reinforcer (SR+)      negative reinforcer – avoidance (SRA-)      none of the above      negative reinforcer – escape (SRE-)     Question 31 Not yet graded / 0 pts Extra Credit: Describe the steps you would take to shape a child's behavior of tying her shoes when she currently cannot complete any steps for this skill independently. List the specific steps you would use (minimum of 4) to teach this skill and how you would transition to the next step. Your Answer: The steps I would take to shape a child's behavior of tying shoes independently would be:
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Step 1: Guide the child to hold one lace in the right hand and the other lace in the left hand. Step 2: Guide the child to cross the laces over each other to form an X with both laces. Step 3: Direct the child to tuck the top lace under the bottom lace and pull it through. Step 4: Direct the child to make a bunny loop with each lace and then cross them to form another X. To transition to the next step I would practice multiple times before moving on to the next step to ensure mastery. I would also use the most-to-least prompt hierarchy.    Quiz Score:  28  out of 30 Previous Next
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