Article Review #2 Questions (Olmedilla, et al., 2019)

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Georgia State University *

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3530

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Psychology

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Jun 18, 2024

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Article Review #2 PSYC 3530 Olmedilla, et al., 2019 General Questions: 1) In which journal is this paper published? - Frontiers 2) What is the topic of this paper? - The topic is the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral therapy program with helping soccer players manage stress 3) Why do you think the authors chose youth soccer players and not adults? - Youth athletes are more susceptible to stress, and anxiety compared to seasoned adult athletes, which make them a good group for interventions that can build resilience and coping mechanisms early on. Introduction: 1) What are 2 psychological variables previously proposed to have an impact on sport performance? - Motivation and concentration 2) What is a proposed negative impact of stress on sports performance? What is a proposed positive impact of stress on sports performance? - Negative: Worse performance - Positive: Increase training efficiency 3) The fact that the author’s list both positive and negative impacts of stress on sports tells us something about the way they view and define “stress”. What does it tell us? - It tells use that not all stress is bad stress, and it’s up to how we use it 4) How do the author’s define “coping”? How many citations do they use to define coping? - "the cognitive and behavioral effort that is carried out by the athletes to control some demands (internal or external) that are really difficult to deal with using their own resources." (Olmedilla, 2019, pg.2) - Three different citations are used to define coping. 5) What are the 2 major styles of coping? - Problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping 6) What is the purpose of this paper? - The purpose is the show if intervention programs help with stress in male youth soccer players. Less stress means better soccer game. Method: 1) Describe the study participants. - There are a total of nineteen male youth soccer players. They have an average age of 16.3, and attended the same soccer club and participate in training four times a week for one match a week.

2) What is the name of the measure they used to assess psychological variables? How many subscales does it have? - Psychological Characteristics Related to Sport Performance Questionnaire (CPRD) - Five subscales in total 3) This study doesn’t have a manipulated independent variable per se, but they do measure the same participants in before and after the introduction of an intervention program. Thus, “time” can be thought of as the IV. Thus, is this experiment a “concurrent-measures” or a “longitudinal” design? - Longitudinal 4) What is the DV and how is it operationalized? - DV: Soccer player's performance - Operationalized: By the levels of the CPRD. 5) Is this a between-subjects or within-subjects design? - Within-subjects design. 6) How many sessions of the psychological training program did each subject receive? - Eight 7) What type of therapy serves as the basis for the training program? - Cognitive-behavioral therapy Results: 1) What are the two sub-scales (factors) that changed significantly over the course of the program? - How the program effected their lives and the skills they learned 2) What was the one sub-scale (factor) that changed “marginally significantly”? - The levels of stress control Discussion: 1) What should we conclude about the impact of the psychological training program? - The program had helped the players cope with stress better, which improved their overall performance 2) What might be some reasons that only some of the sub-scales showed change over time? In other words, what was special or different about the sub-scales that did or did not show change? 3) The people involved means a ray of different sub-scales. Like how one would manage their stress. The people knew they were being watched for certain things, which could cause other participants to want to confirm. 4) What are the two major limitations of this study and how can it be improved in the future? - The sample size of the soccer players who had received the psychological intervention was small and the timing in which the program was carried out means we don’t know anything past the limited time

- To improve it we could get a larger sample size, and have the study run throughout different parts of the season. 5) What are practical applications of this research in the real-world? - Programs like these can help performance and reduce stress

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