PPAD 505 principles of Public Adm.Student. Fall 2023 (2)
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Jackson State University *
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Dec 6, 2023
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Mid-Term Examination
PPAD 505 – Principles of Public Administration
Department of Public Policy and Administration
Jackson State University
Fall, 2023
Name and Student ID#________________________________________
Instructions
:
This Mid-Term examination has three parts: (1) a True-False/Multiple Choice section, (2)
a ‘Short Answer’ section, and (3) an ‘Essay’ section. You must answer all of the True-
False/Multiple Choice and Short Answer questions. You must answer 2 of the Essay
questions. The examination must be typed using New Roman print, size 12 font. The
exam is in Microsoft word, so you will be able to include your answers directly on the
exam and save your document. Please include your name or student ID as part of the
saved document. The page margins should be no less than 1 inch on each side, as well as
one inch at the top and bottom of the page. Email the completed examination to the
instructor no-later-than noon (12:00 p.m.) on Tuesday, October 3, 2023. Exams not
submitted in this timeframe could be subject to a 5-point penalty for each subsequent 12-
hour period (up to a maximum of 15 points) during its delinquency.
The value for the True-False/Multiple Choice questions is 1.5 points each. The value of
the short answer questions is 6.6 points each. The two essay questions you choose have a
value of 15 points each, with a maximum of 30 points.
On the essay questions, you
should fully explain your responses and address the full scope of the question. Avoid
giving abbreviated responses that assume the reader is aware of your thought processes.
Your grade is based on an assessment of how well you express your interpretation of the
materials, demonstrate unique insights into the issues, or supplement the course
requirements with additional readings or research.
1
True-False/Multiple Choice Questions
1. Consider the essential purpose(s) of government and administration contemplated by
the U.S. Founding Fathers.
Which of the following concepts, in some form, influenced
the construction of the U.S. Constitution?
a.
Religion and moral beliefs
b.
Social Contract theory on the nature of man and his free will relationship to the
community
c.
Economic theory on the roles of the private and public sector
d.
All of the above
e.
Only A and B above
2. Saint Augustine (354-430) introduced the concept of two governments with separate
powers: the ecclesiastical and the civil.
Because this philosophy was adopted by the
drafters of the U.S. Constitution, religious concepts have been kept separate and have had
no direct or indirect influence on the affairs of the government.
a. True
b. False
3. Federalism refers to:
a.
The Constitution’s ‘Supremacy Clause’ which makes national laws and
treaties for the entire nation; however, powers not granted to the national
government remain with the states.
b.
The consolidation of powers at the Federal level.
Under the ‘Separations
of Powers’ provision in the Constitution, these powers are divided only
among the Congress, President, and the Supreme Court.
c.
The concept of having a strong centralized national government advanced
by the Federalist political party in 1924, especially for the protection of
personal and property rights.
d.
The provisions in the Constitution that designates Congress as the first
branch of government and assigns it ‘all legislative powers’ and grants it
explicit and implied responsibilities through the so-called elastic clause
under Section 8 of Article I.
4. On a day-to-day basis, Federal, State, and Local government employees are the
principal interpreters and implementers of
the U.S. Constitution, public laws, and public
policies.
a.
True
b.
False
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5. Who developed ‘laissez-faire’ economics as an economic philosophy?
a. Karl Marx
b. Adam Smith
c. John Locke
d. Louis XVI
6. Adam Smith believed that the Industrial economy operated according to three natural
laws involving this concept.
a. Self-interest
b. Citenship
c. Compassion
d. Trustworthiness
7. Adam Smith believed that the government should be involved in all of the following
areas, EXCEPT:
a. Military
b. Property
c. Business
d. Government should not be involved in private sector
8. All of the following factors are associated with production, EXCEPT:
a. Land
b. Capital
c. Labor
d. Technology
9. In the ‘Wealth of Nations’, Adam Smith discusses the ‘division of labor’. He argues
that as a firm grows larger:
a. It requires more and more labor and thus, ‘divides’ labor into different specialized
functions
b. The workers may specialize at different tasks, thus dividing labor into different parts
c. It becomes necessary to have a central body to oversee the welfare of workers.
d. Both A and B are correct
e. All of the above are correct
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10. Laissez-faire capitalism as attributed to Adam Smith calls for:
a. Heavy taxation of manufacturers
b. Minimal government involvement in the economy
c. Strict government control of the economy
d. Government investments in major industries
11. What is a key principle of a market economy?
a. The means of production are controlled by the state
b. Employment opportunities are determined by social class
c. Supply and demand determined production and price
d. Businesses are owned by the people collectively
12. The reference in the U.S. Constitution allowing for the establishment of the
governments administrative bureaucracy is provided in Article Nine of the U.S.
Constitution, which states: ‘The U.S shall have authority to appoint such civil service
officers as may be necessary for managing the general affairs of the U.S. under their
direction….’
Beyond this statement, the Constitution provides no additional guidance for
the establishment of the civil service.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Historian Frederick Mosher identified the following criteria that George Washington
used in making the first appointments to employment positions in the new U.S.
government.
a.
Fitness of character
b.
Family background
c.
Level of education
d.
A person’s personal honor/esteem in the community
e.
Loyalty to the new government
f.
Geographical representation
g.
All of the above are correct
h.
Only A through E above are correct
14. The concept of law in the U.S. includes the following forms:
a. The Constitution
b. Acts of legislative bodies
c. Judicial decisions
d. all of the above
e. Only A and B above
4
15. A bureaucratic organization’s formal structure depicts how people are organized to do
work and how components communicate and relate to each other.
a. True
b. False
16. Max Weber would describe ‘bureaucracy’ as:
a.
A completely rational form of organization to maximize efficiency and
effectiveness.
b.
An outdated form of organization that is prone to bureaucratic red tape, slow to
respond, and inefficient.
c.
A form of organizational structure that is unique to government agencies.
17. The beginning of the ‘Spoils System” is associated with:
a. Abraham Lincoln
b. Andrew Jackson
c. Theodore Roosevelt
d. George Washington
e. Thomas Jefferson
18. The Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 established competitive entrance
examinations for the Federal Civil Service in the U.S.
a. True
b. False
19. The founding of modern-day public administration in the U.S. is largely attributed to
_____________, who wrote his famous essay ‘The Study of Administration’ discussing
the need for public administration as a separate field of study.
a.
George Washington
b.
Woodrow Wilson
c.
Benjamin Franklin
d.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
e.
Max Weber
20. The Term ‘bureaucracy’ was first used by:
a. George Washington
b. Max Weber
c. Woodrow Wilson
d. Ronald Reagan
5
Short Answer Questions
21. Explain what Aristotle, 360 B.C., meant when he stated “…. The specific nature of
executive powers and functions cannot be the same for all states (i.e., governments), but
must reflect their specific cultural environments.”
22. Define the concept of the ‘Social Contract’ as envisioned by Thomas Hobbes. Is this
concept still relevant to today’s civil society? Explain why or why not.
23. The President’s Committee on Administrative Management headed by Louis
Brownlow made recommendations to strengthen the administrative capacity of the
President.
Name two (2) of these recommendations and explain why they were needed.
24. Name and describe four (4) reasons that explain ‘Why Public Organizations Are
Necessary?”
25. What was politician William Marcy referring to when he stated: “I see nothing wrong
in the rule, that to the victor the spoils of the enemy’?
26. Federalism is a widely recognized feature of American government. Describe this
system and explain how it works.
Essay Questions
(Only answer two (2) questions at a value of
15 points each. No additional credit is
given if you answer more than two questions)
27. Public Administration borrows from a number of other academic fields, such as
archology, history, epidemiology, etc. Select one of these fields and explain how it
helps us to get a broader understanding of governance in early civic societies. For
example: archeologists and historians have discovered the use of extensive water
irrigation systems in Ancient Egypt. What clues does this give us about the role of
government during this period?
6
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28. Does the Mississippi State Supreme Court have the authority to enforce aspects of the
‘Social Contract?’
Is this authority is derived from Thomas Hobbs theory regarding
man’s acquiescence to live in a civil society or from the Mississippi State
Constitution? What (if any) is the difference or
relationship between the two
concepts?
29. What is Public Administration? Why is it important?
30. Andrew Jackson made the following statement regarding the civil service. What are
your thoughts on this statement? Explain your agreement or disagreement. Describe what
benefits and problems could occur if the Civil Service were modeled along Andrew
Jackson’s vision?
“… The duties of all public officers are, or at least admit of being made, so plain and
simple that men of intelligence may readily qualify themselves for their performance; and
I can not but believe that more is lost by the long continuance of men in office than is
generally to be gained by the experience…”
PPAD 505 Principles of Public Administration. Instructor. Fall 2023
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