political cheating science
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Memorial University of Newfoundland *
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AMERICAN G
Subject
Political Science
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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docx
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11
Uploaded by jwkkwkw
Which term refers to a legislature that consists of two houses? Question 1 options: a) bifurcated legislature b) dual legislature c) semi-detached legislature d) bicameral legislature
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The term that refers to a legislature that consists of two houses is:
d) bicameral legislature.
Question 2 (1 point) Which type of constitution is one whose provisions are routinely ignored by state officials? Question 2 options: a) reactive b) nominal c) façade d) unwritten
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The answer is:
c) façade.
Question 3 (1 point) Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the functions of the head of state in a parliamentary system? Question 3 options: a) to preside over ceremonial affairs of state b) to veto bills with which he personally disagrees c) to serve as the non-partisan representative of the state d) to act as guardian of the constitution
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The answer is:
b) to veto bills with which he personally disagrees.
Question 4 (1 point) Which term refers to the combination of the upper and lower houses in the Westminster System? Question 4 options: a) Congress b) Parliament c) Senate d) House of Representatives
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The answer is:
b) Parliament.
Question 5 (1 point) Every parliamentary party assigns to one of its members the task of ensuring other members of the party vote in accordance with the party line. What is this official known as? Question 5 options: a) the House leader b) the Caucus Chair c) the Party Whip d) the Deputy leader
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The answer is:
c) the Party Whip.
Who defined politics as “who gets what, when, and how”? Question 6 options: a) Harold Laswell b) Harold Laski c) Harold Lloyd d) David Easton
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The answer is:
a) Harold Laswell.
Which form of power is sometimes called legitimate power? Question 7 options: a) coercion b) authority c) influence d) force
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The answer is:
b) authority.
Which of the following is NOT a requirement for free and fair elections? Question 8 options: a) the possibility of competition among several political parties b) public access
to information on parties, candidates, and political issues c) regulation of the electoral process by a non-partisan agency d) a high voter turnout
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The answer is:
d) a high voter turnout.
What was the focus of Hanna Pitkin’s Concept of Representation? Question 9 options: a) political representation b) gender representation c) economic representation d) regional representation
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The answer is:
a) political representation.
Which of the following is NOT a feature of presidential systems? Question 10 options: a) unitary executive b) fusion of powers c) separation of powers d) checks and balances
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The answer is:
b) fusion of powers.
In presidential systems, the executive and legislative branches are separated. The fusion of powers is a feature of parliamentary systems, where the executive (prime minister and cabinet) is drawn from and is accountable to the legislative branch.
Which group has concerns that are indistinguishable from those of so-called fiscal conservatives? Question 11 options: a) neoconservatives b) reform Liberals c) neoliberals d) traditional conservatives
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The answer is:
c) neoliberals.
Neoliberals often advocate for policies that reduce government intervention in the economy, emphasize free-market principles, and aim for fiscal conservatism. Fiscal conservatives also prioritize limited government spending and reduced government debt.
Will Kymlicka has argued that the pursuit of a specific policy by many minority groups reflects their desire for inclusion rather than separation in the dominant culture. What is
the name of this policy? Question 12 options: a) assimilation b) multiculturalism c) nationalism d) self-determination
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The answer is:
b) multiculturalism.
Will Kymlicka is well-known for his works on multiculturalism and the rights of minorities. He has argued that many minority groups seek policies of multiculturalism not to separate themselves but to achieve inclusion in the broader society while still preserving their unique cultural identities.
Who describes human existence in the state of nature as a perpetual struggle for power over others that culminates in death? Question 13 options: a) Jeremy Bentham b) Thomas Hobbes c) Aristotle d) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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The answer is:
b) Thomas Hobbes.
Thomas Hobbes, in his work "Leviathan," described life in the state of nature as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." He believed that without the structure of society and governance, individuals would be in a constant state of war with one another, leading to a life that is brutish and short.
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Which term refers to the idea that the constitution should limit the power of the state? Question 14 options: a) rule of law b) constitutionalism c) prior restraint d) statute of limitations
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The answer is:
b) constitutionalism.
Constitutionalism refers to the belief and practice that government can and should be legally limited in its powers, and that its authority depends on enforcing these limits as defined in a written constitution.
Which term denotes the political values and attitudes of a minority group that set it apart from the predominant values and attitudes of the larger society? Question 15 options: a) political subculture b) political culture c) community spirit d) elite culture
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The answer is:
a) political subculture.
A political subculture denotes a subset of beliefs and values within a larger political culture that is distinct and pertains to a specific group, often in contrast to the predominant values of the larger society.
Which principle refers to the idea that the prime minister and cabinet may only hold office as long as they maintain the confidence of the legislature? Question 16 options: a)
ministerial responsibility b) democratic accountability c) collective security d) responsible government
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The answer is:
d) responsible government.
The principle of responsible government refers to the idea that the executive (prime minister and cabinet) is accountable to the legislature and must maintain its confidence to remain in office. If the executive loses the confidence of the legislature, they are typically expected to resign or request the dissolution of parliament and call for new elections.
What term refers to the idea that a people who define themselves as a nation have a right to control the territory they inhabit, usually through statehood? Question 17 options: a) independence b) autonomy c) self-determination d) autarky
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The answer is:
c) self-determination.
Self-determination refers to the principle that a people who identify themselves as a distinct nation have the right to determine their own political destiny, which can include controlling the territory they inhabit, often through the establishment of their own sovereign state.
Which of the following is an example of positive freedom? Question 18 options: a) freedom of religion b) freedom of expression c) freedom to pursue higher education d) freedom of association
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The answer is:
c) freedom to pursue higher education.
Positive freedom, or "positive liberty," refers to the freedom to achieve one's potential and is often associated with the presence of conditions and opportunities that enable individuals to realize their capacities and achieve their goals. The freedom to pursue higher education is an example of positive freedom as it entails the opportunity and capability to pursue personal development and self-realization.
Which group resonates well with the term equality of condition? Question 19 options: a) neoconservatives b) liberals c) socialist d) traditional conservatives
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The answer is:
c) socialist.
Socialists emphasize a more equitable distribution of wealth and resources in society, often advocating for policies that reduce inequalities and provide for a more level playing field. "Equality of condition" refers to an ideal in which individuals have comparable life circumstances, and this concept aligns closely with socialist values and goals.
Which principle does NOT apply to the organization of bureaucracies in modern democratic states? Question 20 options: a) merit principle of recruitment and promotion
b) security of tenure of public servants c) anonymity of public servants d) hiring primarily through political patronage appointments
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The answer is:
d) hiring primarily through political patronage appointments.
Modern democratic states prioritize the merit principle, security of tenure, and anonymity for bureaucracy to ensure professionalism, efficiency, and impartiality. Hiring through political patronage appointments would compromise these values and is not a principle applied to the organization of bureaucracies in modern democratic states.
What is the process through which political knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs are transmitted within a society? Question 21 options: a) political socialization b) political indoctrination c) political conditioning d) political culture
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The answer is:
a) political socialization.
Political socialization is the process through which individuals in a society acquire political attitudes, views, and knowledge based on inputs from family, schools, the media, and others.
In the ancient world, what was the most common form of government a variant of? Question 22 options: a) absolute monarchy b) polity c) republic d) democracy
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The answer is:
a) absolute monarchy.
In the ancient world, many kingdoms and empires were ruled by monarchs who held absolute power over their territories and subjects.
Which term is sometimes used to designate a high-ranking official in the bureaucracy? Question 23 options: a) mandarin b) tangerine c) grandee d) eminence grise
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The answer is:
a) mandarin.
The term "mandarin" is sometimes used to designate a high-ranking official or bureaucrat, especially in historical contexts related to imperial China. However, it has been adopted in various languages to describe influential governmental officials or members of an elite bureaucratic class.
How do presidential systems differ from parliamentary systems? Question 24 options: a)
The executive branch exerts less influence in the legislative process. b) The executive branch is granted authority by the legislature to make rules and regulations. c) The
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executive branch administers government departments and other agencies. d) The executive branch provides political leadership to the nation. ChatGPT
The primary distinction between presidential and parliamentary systems lies in the relationship between the executive and legislative branches. In a presidential system, the president (head of the executive branch) is separately elected from the legislature and serves a fixed term, while in a parliamentary system, the executive (usually the prime minister) derives authority from the legislature and can typically be dismissed by it.
Given the options:
a) The executive branch exerts less influence in the legislative process.
This is generally true for presidential systems. In a parliamentary system, the executive (usually led by the prime minister) is typically part of and derived from the legislative majority, allowing for more influence over the legislative process.
Thus, the correct answer is:
a) The executive branch exerts less influence in the legislative process.
Which of the following terms denotes the belief that individuals can have some influence over the decisions that affect their lives? Question 25 options: a) political trust
b) political efficacy c) political cognition d) self-determination
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The belief that individuals can influence political decisions or feel that their actions in the political realm can produce an effect is termed:
b) political efficacy.
Question 26 (1 point) In 1994, which country witnessed the systematic slaughter of over
half a million Tutsi by leaders of the Hutu majority? Question 26 options: a) South Africa b) Rwanda c) Botswana d) Zimbabwe
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The country that witnessed the systematic slaughter of over half a million Tutsi by leaders of the Hutu majority in 1994 was:
b) Rwanda.
What is the final stage in the journey of a bill becoming law in Canada? Question 27 options: a) third reading b) senate reading c) royal assent d) report stage
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The final stage in the journey of a bill becoming law in Canada is:
c) royal assent.
Which term refers to the collection of the understandings, values, attitudes, and principles of a community or society that relate to its political organization? Question 28
options: a) political culture b) political socialization c) political behaviour d) political process
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The term that refers to the collection of the understandings, values, attitudes, and principles of a community or society that relate to its political organization is:
a) political culture.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of federal systems? Question 29 options: a) The central government may amend any part of the constitution unilaterally (i. e. , without the consent of the provinces). b) The state has a written constitution enumerating the powers of one or both of the two levels of government. c) Provinces or regions are represented in the upper house of the national legislature. d) The courts play an important role in resolving jurisdictional disputes between the two levels of government.
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The option that is NOT a characteristic of federal systems is:
a) The central government may amend any part of the constitution unilaterally (i. e. , without the consent of the provinces).
Which of the following ideas is NOT associated with identity politics? Question 30 options: a) recognition of the identity and status of particular groups. b) projection of a positive group identity to counteract negative stereotypes. c) the demand by particular groups for greater political power, or different treatment, as required by the unique circumstances of such groups. d) universal rights according equal, undifferentiated treatment to all individuals. ChatGPT
The idea that is NOT associated with identity politics is:
d) universal rights according equal, undifferentiated treatment to all individuals.
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Here are the answers based on typical understandings of political science concepts and general knowledge:
Question 31: Party discipline tends to be looser under parliamentary systems than under presidential systems. Answer: b) False
Question 32: Recognition of a de facto state by the international community can give that state de jure status under international law. Answer: a) True
Question 33: Totalitarian and authoritarian governments are equally concerned with moulding society in accordance with a single ideology. Answer: b) False
Question 34: States belonging to a confederation retain the right of secession. Answer: a) True
Question 35: Aristotle held that political activity is not a natural part of the human condition. Answer: b) False
Question 36: The principle of security of tenure in the public service means that bureaucrats may never be dismissed, even if they are negligent or corrupt. Answer: b) False
Question 37: In a congressional system, the president must hold the support or confidence of the legislature. Answer: b) False
Question 38: Federalism tends to be the preferred system of government of geographically large states. Answer: a) True
Question 39: In the United States, as in Canada, executive authority is exercised collectively by the President and the Cabinet. Answer: b) False
Question 40: Generally speaking, prime ministers come into office with more experience
in national government than U.S. Presidents do at the outset of their presidency. Answer: a) True
Please note that some of these answers could be debatable based on different interpretations, but the above are common understandings.
According to Thomas Hobbes, humans are isolated, selfish creatures driven by “desires”
and “aversions. ” Question 41 options: a) True b) False Question 42 (1 point) Since the 1980s there has been a marked increase in the number of democratic regimes around the world. Question 42 ChatGPT
Here are the answers based on standard understandings of political science concepts and historical events:
Question 41: According to Thomas Hobbes, humans are isolated, selfish creatures driven
by “desires” and “aversions.” Answer: a) True
Question 42: Since the 1980s there has been a marked increase in the number of democratic regimes around the world. Answer: a) True
Question 43: Within a given society, the values and beliefs held by political elites are often different from those held by the mass public, but it is the values of the former that
are often embodied in government policy. Answer: a) True
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Question 44: In a presidential system, the position of the president vis-à-vis the members of his or her cabinet is most accurately described as that of “first among equals.” Answer: b) False
Question 45: Cognitive attitudes and orientations are those based on what we know, or presume to be true, about particular issues and events. Answer: a) True
Question 46: Generally speaking, thinkers on the political right take the view that human nature is inherently good and can be perfected through the creation of an appropriate environment. Answer: b) False
Question 47: Amendment formulas in federal states and systems are considered to be more unbending because they need to secure agreements with more than one level of government. Answer: a) True
Question 48: Social scientists today employ the term race to refer to differences among peoples that are socially constructed or historically specific; the term is no longer used to signify the discredited idea that there are important biological differences among peoples. Answer: a) True
Question 49: There is a strict separation between politics and administration, meaning that bureaucrats play no role whatsoever in shaping the formation of public policy. Answer: b) False
Question 50: The pluralist view maintains that the political system is sufficiently open to
different voices in modern democracy. Answer: a) True
Please note that the answers are based on common understandings of these concepts and historical events, but interpretations can vary.
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Here are the answers based on standard understandings of political science concepts and historical events:
Question 51: Political scientists have been interested in how to create stable political regimes dating all the way back to Aristotle’s time. Answer: a) True
Question 52: Britain’s unwritten constitution consists exclusively of constitutional conventions. Answer: b) False (It includes more than just conventions, such as statutes and legal principles.)
Question 53: The bureaucracy is the component of the state that is responsible for making, enforcing, and adjudicating rules. Answer: b) False (The bureaucracy is mainly about administering and enforcing, not necessarily making or adjudicating rules.)
Question 54: The ideology of nationalism holds that territory, sovereignty, and state institutions should be limited to the people of a single nation. Answer: a) True
Question 55: In Canada, the Prime Minister is head of state and head of government. Answer: b) False (The Queen is the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of
government.)
Question 56: Regulatory agencies like the Immigration and Refugee Board have more managerial freedom—autonomy from ministerial control—than do government departments. Answer: a) True
Question 57: Law-making is the sole function of legislatures. Answer: b) False (Legislatures have other functions like oversight of the executive branch.)
Question 58: According to Aristotle, monarchy is the worst form of government. Answer:
b) False (Aristotle believed that the perversion of monarchy, which he termed "tyranny,"
was one of the worst forms, but monarchy itself was not inherently the worst.)
Question 59: The range of political ideologies that enjoy popular support in Canada is wider than that in the United States. Answer: b) False (This is debatable and might vary based on interpretations, but both countries have a wide range of political ideologies.)
Question 60: Dissatisfaction with elections and political parties has led citizens to turn toward civil society organizations for more political engagement. Answer: a) True