I'm Just A Bill (1)

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Houston Community College *

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1411

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Political Science

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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ppt

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15

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How A Bill Becomes a How A Bill Becomes a Law Law
Step 1 Step 1 Each bill starts out as an idea – These ideas can come from Congress , private citizens or from the White House (i.e. The President) – Interest Groups (groups of individuals who try to influence Congress) may also present ideas to Congress that may become bills. National Rifle Association (N.R.A.) – Federal Assault Weapons Ban (idea came from the President and opposed by the NRA – did not pass (or become law)) – Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (signed by President Bush in 2005; supported by the NRA – is a Federal Law today.)
Step 2 Step 2 Every bill must start out and be introduced by a Congressman/ Senator Every bill is given a title and number when it is introduced – H.R.1 or S.1
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Step 3 Step 3 Afte r it is introduced , each bill is then sent to the committee that seems most qualified to handle it. – A bill about standardized testing would be sent to the Education Committees in the House and the Senate.
Step Step 4 4 Committees receive hundreds of bills and they decide the life or death of these bills Those that the committee feels are valuable are then sent to a subcommittee to be researched – Public hearings may be held – In a public hearing about standardized testing, the subcommittee would hear from principals, teachers, parents, etc.
Step 5 Step 5 The s ubcommittee will report back to the committee who will decide if the “bill” should: 1. Pass without changes 2. Have changes and be passed along 3. Be replaced with a new/better bill 4. Die – the bill is killed and has no chance of becoming a law that session of Congress.
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• If changes are suggested it goes back to If changes are suggested it goes back to committee committee • Congress members may add something to a bill Congress members may add something to a bill that is completely unrelated – a “rider” that is completely unrelated – a “rider” • If the bill becomes very large with multiple riders it is If the bill becomes very large with multiple riders it is called an “omnibus bill” called an “omnibus bill” • Pork Barrel Spending – Federal dollars directed Pork Barrel Spending – Federal dollars directed to a congress members district to a congress members district • Earmarks – fund are directed for a specific Earmarks – fund are directed for a specific purpose purpose • Often very expensive and affect only a few people Often very expensive and affect only a few people • Alaska’s “bridge to nowhere” cost $400 million Alaska’s “bridge to nowhere” cost $400 million
Step 6 Step 6 If approved by the committee, then it is ready to be heard and voted on by the full House of Representatives or the full Senate. When a bill reaches the floor of the House or Senate, the members argue their pros and cons – The Senate (only) can add riders (a completely unrelated item to the bill) – The Senate also allows filibusters (when a Senator tries to “talk a bill to death”) – A filibuster can only be stopped by a cloture (a 3/5 th vote) meaning to end the filibuster and take a vote.
Longest Filibuster Longest Filibuster Ever… Ever… The record for the longest filibuster goes to U.S. Sen. Strom Thurmond of South Carolina , who spoke for 24 hours and 18 minutes against the Civil Rights Act of 1957, according to U.S. Senate records. Thurmond began speaking at 8:54 p.m. on Aug. 28 and continued until 9:12 p.m. the following evening, reciting the Declaration of Independence, Bill of Rights, President George Washington's farewell address and other historical documents along the way. According to Senate records, teams of senators consumed 57 days filibustering between March 26 and June 19, the day the Civil Rights Act of 1957 passed .
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How a Bill becomes a Law
Step 7 Step 7 The next step is for the members of the House of Representatives or the Senate to vote . There are three different ways that a vote can be taken: 1. Voice Vote (Senate only) 2. Standing Vote (Senate only) 3. Roll-call or today’s Computerized Vote A simple majority vote is all that is needed to pass a bill. – If either house refuses to pass it, the bill dies . The bill must be passed in identical formats in both houses – conference committees may be needed
Step 8 Step 8 Presidential Action is the final step in the process . To help us remember the possible Presidential actions on a bill, we will use the mnemonic device SVD(P 2 )
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SVD(P SVD(P 2 2 ) ) – S stands for Sign It ! The President can sign the bill into law ! – V stands for Veto – which means to refuse to sign . As a limit on the President’s power to veto, Congress can override the veto with a 2/3rds vote in each house – very unlikely – D stands for “Do Nothing” … He is given 10 Days to “do nothing”… after 10 Days there are two outcomes: If Congress is still in session – the Bill becomes a Law, it automatically P ASSES ! If Congress’ session ends before the 10 Days are up, the bill dies and this is called a P OCKET VETO !
How a Bill Becomes a How a Bill Becomes a law law 1. 1. Idea Idea 2. 2. Introduced Introduced 3. 3. Committee Committee 4. 4. Subcommittee Subcommittee 5. 5. Committee Committee 6. 6. Full House or Senate Debate Full House or Senate Debate 7. 7. Full House or Senate Vote Full House or Senate Vote 8. 8. Presidential Action Presidential Action Click here!
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