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7. The main argument against ratifying the constitution by the Anti-Federalists was that they thought that the government would be created too powerful and that they would just be creating another monarchy like the one that they’d just gained independence from, where oppression of smaller minorities would continue. 8. The constitution did not mention the word "slave" or "slavery" at all; however, it did address slavery. The constitution mentioned it was not to be abolished for 20 years, runaways must be returned to their owner, and a three-fifths clause would be enacted to demise the status of slaves. 9. The word citizen appears in the Constitution many times but is not given any definition. Despite the enormous prestige that the idea of citizenship acquired in the first half of the nineteenth century, there was no commonly agreed-upon understanding of the right that went with it or the role of the federal government in defining and guaranteeing those rights. Whites, male and female, born in the United States were commonly assumed to be citizens but Slaves and Native Americans were not. 10. It changed when America purchased land like the Louisiana territory; residents of that territory could choose to become an American citizen or not. There was no commonly agreed upon understanding of the rights that went with being a citizen or how the federal government guaranteed these rights. Key Terms- Articles of Confederation First frame of government for the United States; in effect from 1781 to 1788, it provided for a weak central authority and was soon replaced by the Constitution. Ordinance of 1784 Drafted by Thomas Jefferson, it established stages of self-government for the west. Ordinance of 1785 A law that regulated land sales in the Old Northwest. The land surveyed was divided into 640-acre plots and sold at $1 per acre. Northwest Ordinance of 1785 Law that created the Northwest Territory, established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery. empire of liberty Enacted by Jefferson, it stated that instead of ruling over the West as a colonial power, the US would admit them as equal members of the political system.