PS 6 5_11

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University of California, Santa Barbara *

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Political Science

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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Contentious Political Action - Why? How and why contentious politics arises, major reasons why political violence occurs, types of revolution that have led to regime change and why they succeeded Why Men Rebel - Result of a particular type of grievance: relative deprivation - That is - men do not participate in rebellion merely because they are poor or disadvantaged in some way - They participate when they experience Relative Deprivation - Relative deprivation is the tension between your actual state, and what you feel you should have - Gurr - “perceived discrepancy between value expectations and value capabilities. - If expectations and capabilities change - leads to feeling grievance which causes protest/revolution - Political opportunity structure: - The extent to which a regime is open to influence from social movements and other institutional groups. How Contentious Politics Happens - Strategic action and repertoires - Political opportunity structures “movementization”

- Discourse and identity - New communications technology - Transnational activism Prospect Theory - People react more strongly to losses than gains and are more willing to take risks in the domain of losses - People may be willing to assume the risks if they are attempting to avoid a loss than if they are attempting to achieve a gain - Framing - Framing is signifying work or meaning construction engaged in by movement initiators and or adherents - Derives from the idea within social psychology that objects, events, and experiences do not have intrinsic meaning, but that meanings are attached to those objects, events, and experiences through processes of social construction. - Framing is “the transformation of misfortunes into injustices” - Why did this happen? - Who is responsible? - What is the remedy? - Michael Brown Shooting -

Black Lives Matter - Relative deprivation? - Were things getting better then suddenly declined? - Did reality disappoint existing expectations? - Did aspirations increase? - Prospect theory - Was this a domain of losses? For who? - Framing? - Slogan of the movement - Effectiveness of triggers - Importance of entrepreneurship MAGA - Reality disappointed existing expectations - the platform surrounded white supremacy, the country is diverse, you will feel deprived - Framed as an appeal to a certain audiance - it was a clear showing of what what trying to be achieved - It had an effective trigger - He blamed immigrants and china - The resistance grew with strength in 2017 using the strategies that put trump in the whitehouse Water War - Relative deprivation - Aspirations for the quality of water The Problem - It is almost always possible to identify a specific grievance associated with a movement - But it is not always possible to identify a specific movement associated with a grievance - why is there less mobilization than the amount of grievance would suggest Collective Action Problem - People protest for something - their shoulders are carrying the people who dont protest. - If its a public good - Solution!? Small groups, where the participation of any one individual is crucial to the success of the collective action

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- The existence of a hegemon (group who benefits from the change) who pays for the cost of the collective action - Privatizing the public good, so that only those who participate can receive it - Housing associations in brazil and mexico would take attendance to get them to get housing other than the stragglers - Incentives for participation - Free lunches and clothing - Costs imposed on organization members that don't fall in line with directions - Non- Rational Solution!? - Imposition of selective social costs for non-participation: the power of the social group - The intrinsic emotional and psychological release achieved by protesting.