AP GOV - AMSCO 5.3 and 5.4 and 5.5

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College of Southern Maryland *

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1010

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Political Science

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Oct 30, 2023

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Uploaded by GrandCrocodileMaster428

Linkage institutions - channels that help connect people to government/provide them with information on the government Robocalls - prerecorded calls to persuade people to vote for them and not for opponents Platform - written list of beliefs and goals that you will do Republican party - conservative (strong national defense, less government spending, limited regulations on businesses) Democratic party - liberal (aggressive efforts for minority rights and protect environment) National convention - democrats and republicans go to conventions with their pre constructed platforms (every party has official platform committee appointed by leader) War chest - funds to spend on campaigns Social media - facebook, snapchat, instagram, twitter, youtube, etc (used for candidates to spread messages) Democratic national committee and republican national committee - hundreds of employees and a complex network to achieve their ideal party goals (meets every 4 years) National chairperson - chief strategist and spokesperson (runs party machinery) 5.4 Mcgovern fraser commission - democratic party created to respond by examining, considering, and rewriting convention rules Superdelegates - high ranking delegates that are not part of any state’s voting Party realignment - change in underlying electoral forces due to changes in party identification Critical elections - party alignments are marked by this (these reveal political loyalties' shifts) First alignment: Democratic republicans (jeffersonians) dominated for two decades (andrew jackson supporters) Jacksonian democracy - power from aristocracy to common man

Whig party - opponents of the jacksonian democracy wanted strong government and expand west + strong bank Second realignment: 1850s (slavery caused intense division) Republicans = grand old party or GOP 1860 - 1932 republicans dominated (pro growth and pro business) Realignment of 1896: Era of big business and expansion Republicans still better 1896 election changed many voters and their ideals Fourth realignment: During great depression many republicans became democrats after FDR made new deal coalition which was made up of democratic state and local party organizations 1932 election (african americans voted more democrat for the first time) Post world war ii fight for equality was dominated by liberal northern wing of democratic Divided government - one party controls congress and other controls white house Party dealignment - lots of people started to not care about politics 1789-1800 fed vs anti fed 1800-1824 fed vs demo repub 1824-1860 demo vs whig 1860-1896 demo vs repub 1896-1932 same as above 1932-present demo vs repub

5.5 Minor parties (third parties) - never wins but can affect the voting election race The minor parties form because the two parties may not embody your opinion Ideological parties - subscribe to a consistent ideology across multiple issues (socialists and libertarians) Splinter parties - large factions break away from the two parties to create their own party Economic protest parties - ex. Greenback party did not like monopolies, populist party did not like railroads, etc Single issue party - party raised for one issue and one only Recent minor party presidential candidates: H ross perot - texas millionaire who ran with united we stand america (1992 and 1996) Ralph nader - consumer advocate ran with the green party (1996 and 2000) Gary johnson - former governor of new mexico and ran as libertarian (2012 and 2016) Jill stein - physician and activist who ran with green party (2012 and 2016) Third party people who ran independently: Jim jeffords - vermont republican senator (2001) Joe lieberman - connecticut democratic senator (2006) No minor party has won since 1860 Single member districts - the candidate who wins most votes (plurality or majority) wins office Proportional representation - each office can be voted for individually, leading to third parties having more effect Ballot access - needs fee and signatures (democratic and republican party members have it easy because they can just ask for people in their party)

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Challenge for two party system - to keep their voters while gaining the neutral ones Winner take all system - except maine and nebraska, states award their votes to candidate who wins plurality of popular vote Third party never wins inside a state, even if they get support overall, so does not get any votes Swing states - states that can go either way and not easily sided with one already