PHY 161 Online Lab #9 - Springs.docx (1)

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PHY111, 161 ON-LINE LAB, Springs Lab #9 and 10 (counts as two) NAME: Zackary Pond Working with Springs NAU User ID: 6206307 Download and save this document to your computer. Answer the questions directly on this document. When you are done, SAVE the file and return it to your TA via BB Learn. Please contact your TA with any questions or other issues. Introduction: Hooke's law states that the force (F) which is required to stretch or compress a spring by a given distance (x) , increases or decreases linearly with respect to that distance. F Spring = -kx where k is a constant which is characteristic of the spring, and x is the distance stretched and which is relatively small compared to any possible deformation of the spring might suffer. Hooke’s Law is named after 17th-century British physicist Robert Hooke. Task #1 Go to the PhET simulation at: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/hookes-law Click on the Intro Icon Take some time to familiarize yourself with how the controls work and the variables that you can change. 1

PHY111, 161 ON-LINE LAB, Springs Procedure: Check all the boxes in the gray box to the upper right. 1. Try a variety of applied forces to pull the spring. What do you notice about the resulting spring force ? In your own words explain why this result makes sense. 2. Set the applied force to +50 N. Now change the spring constant , trying out several different values. What happens to the applied force ? What happens to the spring force ? Explain why this result makes sense. 3. Now, watch what happens to the displacement vector as you change the spring constant . Using Hooke’s Law explain the results. 2

PHY111, 161 ON-LINE LAB, Springs 4. Now click on the icon with two springs. This will allow you to compare and contrast two springs with different spring constants and/or applied forces . Set both systems so that they are identical. With the same applied force and the same spring constants, like the image below. (you may choose different values) The first, or top spring system, will act as your standard and you’ll make changes to the bottom system. Make only one change at a time. Make comparisons (like: “it doubles”, “it triples”, “it stays constant”, etc.) and record your data in the table below. CHANGES YOU MAKE Effect on the displacement vector Double the original spring constant It halves Triple the original spring constant Its a third of the original Half the original spring constant It doubles Double the original applied force It doubles Triple the original applied force Its triple 3

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PHY111, 161 ON-LINE LAB, Springs Half the original applied force It halves 5. How would you scientifically define, in words, the relationship between the spring force , the displacement , and the spring constant ? This is the exact process that Robert Hooke followed in establishing the law that bears his name. He tested many different springs of varying strengths (spring constants), and applied multiple forces to each. He then carefully recorded the displacement in each case, and the simple relationship of F Spring = -kx , emerged from the data. Task #2 Now we are going to put some of what we have learned about Hooke’s law to use. Go to the PhET simulation at: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/masses-and-springs Click on the Intro Icon Take some time to familiarize yourself with how the controls work and the variables that you can change. One important thing to notice is that when you place a weight on a spring, you can stop the system from oscillating by clicking on the stop sign icon. Place the 250g mass on spring #1. Press the stop button to stop the oscillation. Check the Natural Length and Equilibrium Position boxes. Place the smallest unknown mass on spring #2. Press the stop button to stop the oscillation. (Do not change the spring constants, be sure they remain the same for both springs). Bring out the ruler and use it to measure the displacement distance of the 250g mass and the unknown mass, then do the same for the medium and the large mass. Record your measurements in the table below. HANGING MASS DISPLACEMENT 4

PHY111, 161 ON-LINE LAB, Springs 250 g 40cm Small ? 12cm Medium ? 25cm Large ? 33cm Now using Hooke’s law and a tiny bit of algebra, you can easily calculate the masses of the three unknown weights. Put your calculated masses in the table below. HANGING MASS Calculated Mass (in grams) Small ? 75 Medium ? 156 Large ? 206.25 6. If you were to use one of the other masses, the 100 g or the 50 g mass, would you get the same results? Explain. Task #3 Our final task with springs is going to involve energy. Specifically, you will be analyzing how energy is conserved in an oscillating spring system but also how different types of energy are changing over time. In the same PhET simulation click on the ENERGY Icon at the bottom of the page. As before, take some time to familiarize yourself with how the controls work and the variables that you can change. Once you are ready, take a close look at the left-hand side of the screen. There are five types of energy represented. 5

PHY111, 161 ON-LINE LAB, Springs 7. Kinetic Energy ( KE ); Gravitational Potential Energy ( PE grav ); Elastic Potential Energy ( PE elas ); Thermal Energy ( E therm ); Total Energy ( E total ). You probably understand intuitively what each of these types of energy represent, but take a moment and look up a scientific definition for each and record those definitions here: Before running the simulation, in the gray box to the upper right, change the gravity to “Jupiter”. This will make the changes in the types of energy more apparent. Now hang the 100g mass on the spring and pull it all the way down to the zero-height line. Observe what happens to each of the types of energy over time. 8. Take a moment and write down a few initial impressions. Does the spring keep oscillating, or does it eventually stop? What happens to the Total Energy of the system over time? You may want to run it several times. You can slow the time down by clicking on the “slow” button. 9. Now run the simulation again. But this time focus only on Kinetic Energy ( KE ). How does it change over time? How does it change in relation to the position of the mass in its oscillation cycle? Any other observations? 6

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PHY111, 161 ON-LINE LAB, Springs 10. Answer the same questions for Gravitational Potential Energy ( PE grav ) 11. Answer the same questions for Elastic Potential Energy ( PE elas ) 12. Answer the same questions for Thermal Energy ( E therm ) 13. Answer the same questions for Total Energy ( E total ) 7

PHY111, 161 ON-LINE LAB, Springs 14. Now let’s put it all together. Explain briefly and in your own words, how an oscillating mass and spring system displays the principle of conservation of energy, even though it eventually slows down and comes to a stop. Save this document and return it to your TA via BB Learn. 8

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