Magnets and Inductors Lab

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University of California, Santa Barbara *

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6BL

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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pdf

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Lab 5: Magnets and Inductors Physics 6BL 6/1/21 INSTRUCTIONS: - To begin, download a copy of this document to your Google Drive - Go to “File” on the top menu, then click “Make a Copy” from the dropdown menu - Fill in your name, section, TA, and date on the top left corner of this page - You should have 10 pages of questions after this initial page so 11 pages total - You will include this instructions page in your report - Tables, sketches, and questions each have a separate section of the document - Tables and sketches may be copy and pasted or uploaded as an image from the lab specific google spreadsheet - The tables are formatted to fit the information asked for in the lab - If there are any exercises with separate questions, please answer them in the closest question box - To clarify: You can edit this lab in Google Docs or Microsoft Word - If you need extra space, please consider changing the size of your work so it fits in the boxes. Contact us if you have trouble with this. - Please ask on Piazza or email us if you have any questions about this format. We are happy to help. - In the end, you should save your report as a pdf and turn it in to the submission portal. Gradescope will not ask you to match pages to questions because you submitted in this format. Your Final Report Pages should be as follows: Page 1 - This Instructions Page Page 2 - Data Tables Page 3 - Sketches Page 4 - Question 1, 2, 3 Page 5 - Question 4 Page 6 - Question 5 Page 7 - Question 6, 7 Page 8 - Question 8 Page 9 - Question 9 Page 10 - Question 10, 11 Page 11 - Conclusion Exercise 3 (Video 1):

Distance (cm) Angle (º) 4 cm 75° 8 cm 30° 12 cm 15° 16 cm 10° 20 cm 5° 20 cm(iron coil) 55° Exercise 4 (Video 2): Rheostat Position Angle (º) 0 285 º ¼ 310 º ½ 320 º ¾ 325 º 1 330 º

Images - please upload an image of your sketches for simulations 1 & 2 Simulation 1 Simulation 2

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Question 1 The magnetic field of the bar magnet is similar to that of the electromagnet because the compass points in the general same direction for all the points of both simulations. Question 2 The direction of the needle of the large compass does not change when it is moved around while the battery is set to 0 V. The direction of the needle stays the same and does not move. Question 3 When the direction of the flow is reversed to be -10 V, the directions of the needles of the small compasses are flipped and are in the opposite direction of how they were at 10 V.

Question 4a When the electromagnet is originally powered at 4 cm away, the compass needle deflects 75°. Question 4b When the electromagnet is 8 cm away, the compass needle deflects 30°. The deflection at 8 cm is smaller than the one at 4 cm. The magnetic field strength is stronger when the electromagnet is closer to the compass needle. Question 4c The needle’s deflection is just barely noticeable at 20 cm away from the electromagnet. Question 4d The needle’s deflection becomes more noticeable once the iron core is placed into the coil. The magnetic field becomes stronger once the iron core is placed into the electromagnet.

Question 5a At position 0, the compass needle deflects 285º. At position ¼ the compass needle deflects 310º. At position ½ the compass needle deflects 320º. At position ¾ the compass needle deflects 325º. At position 1, the compass needle deflects 330º. Question 5b As the resistance of the rheostat is increased, the angle of deflection of the compass needle also increases. Since the magnetic field strength is proportional to the angle of deflection of the compass needle, the magnetic field strength increases as the resistance increases.

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Question 6 The iron core does create its own magnetic field after it is placed in an external field. The compass needle deflected the magnetic field when the rod was placed close to the compass needle after it was in the external field. Question 7 The north pole of the magnetized iron core did change because the north side of the compass was attracted to the iron core instead of the south side of the compass.

Question 8a When the magnet is moved towards the coil, the needle deflects to the left, toward the negative side of the voltmeter. When the magnet is pulled away from the coil, the needle deflects to the right, toward the positive side of the voltmeter. Question 8b This means that there is a proportional relationship between the magnet’s approach speed and the degree to which the needle is deflected. As the magnet’s approach speed increases, the degree to which the needle is deflected also increases.

Question 9a The flux through the face of the coil does change as the magnet is moved. When the magnet is moved closer to the coil, the flux becomes greater. Question 9b Lenz’s law explains how the magnetic field will always resist change. This can be shown when the magnet moves closer to the right end of the coil. A flux is created and the meter needle shows a positive current, which is the opposite direction.

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Question 10 When reversing the polarity of the magnet and taking it to the left side of the coil, the needle deflected to the right toward the positive side of the voltmeter. The degree to which it does depended on the speed the magnet was brought to the coil. Question 11a When the south pole was used instead of the north pole, the needle deflected in the opposite direction. The needle deflected toward the right, toward the positive side of the voltmeter. Question 11b Lenz’s law explains this because the magnetic field is resisting the change when the flux is in the opposite direction. This is consistent with Lenz’s law which states that the magnetic field will always resist change.

CONCLUSION The purpose of this lab was to understand the topic of magnetism. In this lab we used simulations to learn about the magnetic fields and magnetic field strength of a permanent bar magnet and an electromagnet. We concluded that magnets act the way they do, due to Lenz’s Law, which explains that a magnetic field produced by an induced current will always oppose change in magnetic flux that produced the current. We concluded this was true by the behavior of the magnets in the simulations.

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