Review01 Motion in One Dimension

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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Test Review: Motion in One Dimension Answer each question in complete sentences. If the question requires you to calculate an answer, show all work (including equations) and write the answer in correct units. No credit will be given for incomplete work or answers not in correct units. 1. In the absence of air resistance, an object dropped near the surface of the Earth experiences a constant acceleration of about 9.8 m/s 2 . This means that … a. the speed of the object increases 9.8 m/s during each second b. the speed of the object as it falls is 9.8 m/s c. the object falls 9.8 meters during each second d. the object falls 9.8 meters during the first second only e. the rate of change of the displacement with respect to time for the object equals 9.8 m/s 2 . 2. Which of the following pairs of motion graphs shows the distance traveled versus time and the speed versus time for an object uniformly accelerated from rest? a. b. c. d. e. An object released from rest at time t = 0 slides 1 meter down a frictionless incline during the first second. 3. Calculate the acceleration of the object. 4. Calculate the distance traveled by the object during the time interval from t = 1 second to t = 2 seconds. Two physics students are in a boat that is capable of a maximum speed of 5 kilometers per hour in still water, and wish to cross a river 1 kilometer wide to a point directly across from their starting point. 5. If the speed of the water in the river is 5 kilometers per hour, how much time is required for the crossing? a. 3 minutes b. 6 minutes c. 1 hour d. 10 hours e. The point directly across from the starting point cannot be reached under these conditions. 6. A sports car accelerates uniformly from rest, reaching a speed of 30 meters per second in 6 seconds. During the 6 seconds, the car has traveled …? a. 15 meters b. 30 meters c. 60 meters d. 90 meters e. 180 meters Show work:

7. A physics student tosses a ball directly upward. Its total time in the air is T. Its maximum height is H. What is its height after it has been in the air a time T/4? Neglect air resistance. a. H/4 b. H/3 c. H/2 d. 2H/3 e. 3H/4 Show work: 8. A bird is flying in a straight line initially at 10 m/s. It uniformly increases its speed to 15 m/s while covering 25 meters. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the bird? a. 5.0 m/s 2 b. 2.5 m/s 2 c. 2.0 m/s 2 d. 0.5 m/s 2 e. 0.2 m/s 2 Show work: 9. A physics standing on the edge of a fire escape simultaneously launches two apples, one straight up with a speed of 7 m/s and the other straight down at the same speed. How far apart are the two apples 2 seconds after they were thrown? Assume that neither apple has hit the ground. a. 14 meters b. 20 meters c. 28 meters d. 34 meters e. 56 meters Show work: The position vs. time graph for an object moving in a straight line is shown above. 10. What is the instantaneous velocity of the object at t=2 seconds? a. – 4 m/s b. – 2 m/s c. 0 m/s d. + 2 m/s e. + 4 m/s 11. What is the acceleration of the object at t=1 seconds? a. – 2 m/s 2 b. - 0.5 m/s 2 c. 0 m/s 2 d. +2 m/s 2 e. -4 m/s 2 12. What is the displacement of the object at t=1 seconds? a. – 2 meters b. + 2 meters c. - 1 meter d. +3 meters e. - 3 meters 13. The velocity vs. time graph for a toy car moving along a straight line is shown above. What is the maximum displacement from start for the toy car? a. 3 meters b. 5 meters c. 6.5 meters d. 7 meters e. 7.5 meters

14. A stone is thrown straight downward with a speed of 20 m/s from the top of a tall building. If the stone strikes the ground 3.0 seconds later, about how tall is the building? Assume air resistance is negligible. a. 45 meters b. 60 meters c. 90 meters d. 105 meters e. 120 meters Show work: 15. A coyote can run at a speed of 20 m/s while a prairie dog can manage only 5.5 m/s. If a prairie dog is 45 meters in front of a coyote, how much time does the prairie dog have to reach its hole without being caught? a. 2.3 seconds b. 3.1 seconds c. 5.4 seconds d. 5.9 seconds e. 8.2 seconds Show work: A model rocket accelerates from rest upwards at 50 m/s 2 for 2.0 seconds before its engine burns out. The rocket then coasts upward. 16. What is the maximum height that the rocket reaches? You may assume air resistance is negligible. a. 100 meters b. 510 meters c. 610 meters d. 1020 meters e. 1220 meters Show work: 17. Two identical bowling balls A and B are each dropped from rest from the top of a tall tower as shown in the diagram above. Bowling ball A is dropped 1 second before bowling ball B. As the two bowling balls fall … a. The distance between the two bowling balls decreases. b. The velocity of bowling ball A increases with respect to bowling ball B c. The velocity of bowling ball A decreases with respect to bowling ball B d. The distance between the two bowling balls remains constant. e. The distance between the two bowling balls increases. 18. An airplane starts at rest and accelerates at a constant 1.5 m/s 2 until it takes off 1250 meters down the runway. What is its final velocity at takeoff? 19. Starting from a velocity of 12 m/s, a race car travels 110 meters south while it accelerates for the next 5.0 seconds. Find this acceleration.

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20. As Tom chases Jerry into a mouse hole, Tom’s speed increases uniformly from 3.0 m/s to 8.0 m/s while covering 28 meters. How many seconds does it take Tom to reach his top speed? 21. The acceleration due to gravity near the surface of the planet Mars is -3.7 m/s 2 . Marvin the Martian drops his Acme Space Modulator from the edge of a cliff (height = 19 meters). What is the device’s speed at the instant before it hits the ground? A sprinter begins a 100‐meter race by accelerating at a constant 2.5 m/s 2 for the first 4 seconds. 22. Calculate his top speed. 23. Calculate the distance he travels in the first 4 seconds. 24. Calculate the time it takes him to finish the race. 25. The graph above represents position ( 𝑥 ) vs. time ( ? ) for an object. The average speed during the interval of 1s and 2s is approximately … a. 4 m/s b. 5 m/s c. 6 m/s d. 8 m/s 26. At time ? = 0? , car X traveling with speed 𝑣 0 passes Car Y, which is just starting to move. Both cars then travel on two parallel lanes of the same straight road. A graph of speed (𝑣) vs. time (?) for both cars is shown above. Which of the following is true at t = 20 seconds? a. Car Y is behind Car X b. Car Y is passing Car X c. Car Y is in front of Car X d. Both cars have the same acceleration. 27. As a car is driven south in a straight line with decreasing speed, the acceleration of the car must be? a. directed northward b. directed southward c. zero d. constant, but not zero 28. An object is dropped from rest and falls freely 20 meters to Earth. When is the speed of the object 9.8 meters per second? a. from 0 to 1 seconds b. at 1 second c. the object falls at a constant speed of 9.8 m/s d. after it has fallen 9.8 meters

Questions: 29 -34 The velocity vs. time graph for an object is shown below. 29. During which time intervals is the object moving at constant velocity? 30. What is the object’s velocity at 26 seconds? 31. What is the object’s acceleration at 25 seconds? 32. How far has the object gone after 20 seconds? 33. What happens to the object at 25 seconds? 34. Another student says the object returns to the starting position at t = 25 seconds. Do you agree with them? Cite evidence from the graph to support your position. 35. Which pair of graphs best represents the same motion of an object? A physics student tosses a tennis ball in the air and catches it 5.00s later. 36. With what velocity did he toss the tennis ball? 37. How high did the tennis ball go in the air? 38. A rock is dropped from a bridge. What happens to the magnitude of the acceleration and the speed of the rock as it falls? [Ignore air resistance.] a. Both acceleration and speed increase. b. Both acceleration and speed remain the same. c. Acceleration increases and speed decreases. d. Acceleration remains the same and speed increases.

PRACTICE FREE RESPONSE A toy company claims to have developed two toy car models (A and B), where the average speed of each car is identical. Each group of students is given two toy cars (one of each model), metersticks, and stopwatches and is asked to test the toy company’s claim. a. Design a procedure for collecting the data necessary to test the comp any’s claim. Be sure to include a way of reducing experimental uncertainty. Several students perform the experiment and collect data (shown below). b. Based on this data, what conclusion should the students make about the hypothesis that the two cars, A and B, have the same speed? Justify your reasoning with information from the data table above. c. The students then decide that they want to test the toy company’s claim that the car’s speed is constant throughout the motion. How, if at all, does the experimental procedure from Part A need to be modified to verify that the car’s instantaneous speed is constant?

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PRACTICE FREE RESPONSE A rocket fires its engines to launch straight up from rest with an upward acceleration of 5 m/s 2 for 10 seconds. After this time, the engine shuts off, and the rocket freely falls straight down back to Earth’s surface. Use g = -10 m/s 2 for the acceleration due to E arth’s gravity. a. Sketch a graph of the acceleration of the rocket as a function of time for the first 15 seconds the rocket is in the air. b. Sketch a graph of the velocity of the rocket as a function of time for the first 15 seconds the rocket is in the air. c. From the graph drawn in Part A, determine the change in velocity during the initial 10 seconds of travel. Does this correspond to the change in the velocity of the rocket based on the v-t graph you drew in part (b)? d. From the graph drawn in Part B, determine the height of the rocket at t = 15 seconds. e. Make a claim about the acceleration of the rocket 10 seconds after launch. f. In a clear concise statement describe the velocity of the rocket and acceleration of the rocket from t = 10 seconds to t = 15 seconds.

Review01 Motion in One Dimension

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