Measurements_Report_C

Physics I Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University Report PhyI-01: Measurement and Evaluation of Physical Parameters Student’s name: Avimannue Dey CRN: 42693 Date 2/10/2023 TA Signature_____________________ Experiment #1: Linear Dimensions and Volume Hypothesis What method do you think will be more precise for measuring the object’s volume (a) using calipers to measure linear dimensions and then calculate the volume or (b) just measuring the volume of water displaced by the object? Why do you thing so? Measurements Shape of the regular-shaped object: Cylinder Table 1.1. Measurements, linear in cm and volume in ml ( cm 3 ) Object Height of cylinder or block, h, cm Diameter of cylinder, d , or width of block, w, cm regular-shaped object 6.46 6.46 6.46 6.46 6.46 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 irregular-shaped object N/A* N/A *Not Applicable Object Length of block only, l , cm Displaced volume, V D , ml (cm 3 ) regular-shaped object 24.5 25.0 25.0 25.5 25.0 irregular-shaped object N/A 25.5 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 Report PhyI-01: Measurement and Evaluation of Physical Parameters Measuring the volume of the water displaced should be more precise as the volume of the water displaced will be the final volume of the object with no additional calculations being required. However, finding the volume indirectly will result in more measurements being made and hence the uncertainty will add up, hence it is possible that it won’t be as precise as the displacement method ( if done correctly and carefully ).

Physics I Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University Experiment #2: Mass and Densit y Measurements Table 2.1. Measurements Object Mass m , g regular-shaped object 66.7 irregular-shaped object 66.9 Report PhyI-01: Measurement and Evaluation of Physical Parameters 2

Physics I Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University Experiment #2: Analysis Table 2.1. Measurements Object Mass m , g Instrumental uncertainty, σ m ,inst , g Absolute uncertainty, σ m , g regular-shaped object 66.7 0.05 0.05 irregular-shaped object 66.9 0.05 0.05 Table 2.2. Analysis Object Volume, V, cm 3 Absolute uncert., σ V , cm 3 Mass, m , g Absolute uncert., σ m , g Density, ρ exp , g/cm 3 Absolute uncert., σ ρ , g/cm 3 regular-shaped object, indirect volume equation method 25.01 0.11 66.7 0.05 2.67 0.012 regular-shaped object, direct displaced volume method 25.00 0.17 66.7 0.05 2.67 0.018 irregular-shaped object, direct displaced volume method 25.00 0.05 66.9 0.05 2.68 0.0057 Density of the regular-shaped object ρ exp = 2.67 g/cm^3 Material: Aluminum , ρ ref = 2.7 g/cm^3 Density of the irregular-shaped object ρ exp = 2.68 g/cm^3 Material: Aluminum , ρ ref = 2.7 g/cm^3 Report PhyI-01: Measurement and Evaluation of Physical Parameters 4

Physics I Laboratory Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University Conclusion and Error Analysis The volume of the objects were obtained using two methods: 1) Water Displacement Method – A beaker with an opening on the side was filled with water just until the opening so that water would rise and fall down the opening if an object was dipped into it. The object was then dipped into the water and the water level rose, resulting in the displaced water falling down the opening into another small beaker kept beside the big beaker. Five readings were taken for each object. 2) Indirect Volume Calculation Method – The height and diameter of the objects were calculated using vernier calipers. Readings were taken five times for each object and the average measurements of the height and diameter were used in the volume equation for a cylinder and the values were plugged into it to find an approximate volume of the object. The uncertainties obtained were minimal and reasonable as proper formula and calculations were used to get them. The uncertainties in the indirect calculation method come from the instrumental uncertainty of the vernier caliper. In the water displacement method, the uncertainty sources are the instrumental uncertainties as well as residual water staying in the beaker which increased measured volume by a little bit. The mass of the objects were measure using a triple beam balance which uses the concept of momentum to balance the object on a platform by tweaking with the different weights in the balance. Once the object is balanced and stable, the mass can be taken as a measurement. For density, the error in measurements are caused by the absolute uncertainties of the volume and mass measurements of the objects. The density was found to be in range of the density of aluminum, hence the conclusion is that the object material is aluminum according to these calculations and measurements. Report PhyI-01: Measurement and Evaluation of Physical Parameters 5