Electromagnetic Induction Final

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Austin Peay State University *

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1020

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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10

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Name: Nguyen (Nikki) Nguyen Date: February 18, 2024 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION Activity: In this activity, you will learn magnetic fields and Faradays’ Law. Visit: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/cheerpj/faraday/latest/faraday.html?simulation=faraday Part I: Magnetic Fields Bar Magnet 1. Choose the Bar Magnet tab. Select Show Compass. Move the compass to positions marked by the circles in the graph below. Record the orientations of the compass. I put the pictures of the compasses on top of the original picture to record the orientations.
2. Deselect Show Compass. Select Show Field Meter. Drag the meter to the marked positions and record the meter’s readings (the top display of the meter). The meter measures the strength of the magnetic field at each location. I put the meter’s readings on top of the original picture to record. 3. Flip the bar magnet, then record both the orientation of the compass and the magnetic field at each location. I put the meter’s readings and the pictures of the compasses on top of the original picture . 4. Summarize your observation: 0.7 0.8 4.5 0.9 2.9 1.9 0.6 2.5 4.7 0.9 2.8 1.9 2.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.5 2.5 2.2 5.2 5.7 2.9 3 0.7 0.6 2.1 1.7
Magnetic fields are the strongest near The Poles Next to the N pole, magnetic field points towards The South Pole Next to S the pole, magnetic field points towards The South Pole Further away from the bar magnet, strength of the magnetic field becomes Weaker The drawing on the right is commonly used to represent magnetic field around a bar magnet. Describe how filed lines are used to describe magnetic fields. The magnetic field lines show the direction of the magnetic force at any particular point. Electromagnet 1. Choose Electromagnet and set it up as shown in the image on the right. Move the compass around and determine where the N and S of electromagnet poles are. 2. Is the N pole on the left side of the coil or on the right side of the coil? N on the right side, S on the left side. 3. Examine how the coil connects to the battery closely. The drawing on the right shows the current direction in the coil. Right hand rule is then applied to determine the N and S poles of the electromagnet. Part II: Faraday’s Law and Induction
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Faraday’s Law states that the ℇ mf (electromotive force, or induced electric voltage) can be induced in a coil when it is placed in a changing magnetic field: ℇ mf = -N ∆Φ ∆t Where N is the number of loops in the coil and ∆Φ⁄∆ t is the rate of change of magnetic flux inside the coil. Magnetic flux is given by the expression of Φ = BAcos( 𝜃 ) , where B is the strength of the magnetic field inside of the coil, A is the area of the coil, and θ is the angle relating to the direction of the magnetic field and the plane of the coil. The minus sign in the equation is known as Lenz’s Law. It signifies that the induced electromotive force opposes the change in the magnetic flux through the coil. In simpler terms, it dictates the direction of the current flow within the circuit. Lenz’s Law: Lenz’s Law describes the direction of the induced current in a coil when it is subjected to the change of an external magnetic field. The drawing below shows how the coil reacts when a bar magnet moves towards or away from it. The induced current produces a magnetic field opposing the change of the magnetic field. Use the above drawing as a guidance, draw the direction of the induced current in the coil below when the S pole of a bar magnet moves towards or away from the coil:
T he direction of the induced current in the coil are indicated by the orange arrows on the picture. A Galvanometer is employed in the simulation. As electric current enters the meter through the left connector (the black connector), its needle flips to the left. Similarly, when electric current enters the meter via the right connector (the red connector), the needle flips to the right. Therefore, the meter indicates the direction of the current flow in a circuit. Additionally, the greater the needle’s movement, the larger the electric current. The meter is designed to be highly sensitive, so you may need to slow down your motions to observe the details clearly. Now, let’s get back to the simulation. N S N S
Pickup Coil Set the pickup coil simulation as suggested below: 1. Experiment with the simulation by moving the bar magnet closer to and further away from the coil. Explain why the needle flips to the left when the N pole approaches the coil and why it flips to the right when the N pole recedes from the coil . According to Lenz’s Law, when move magnet toward the coil or away form the coil, the coil induced a oppsited current to resist the change of an external magnetic field. The resulting interaction between the coil's field and the N-pole's field causes the needle to deflect to align with the opposing field.
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2. Swap the meter for the light bulb. Observe the effects when the following actions are taken: Actions Observation of the Brightness of the Bulb Increasing the strength of the magnetic bar Brighter Adding more loops to the coil Brighter Increasing the size of the coil No Change Speeding up the motion of the bar magnet Brighter 3. Explain your observations by applying Faraday’s Law ℇ mf = -N x A x ( ∆ B ∆t ) a. Stronger magnets = stronger magnetic fields, which induce larger currents in the coil. b. In Faraday’s Law , N = number of loops in the coil. Increase N = propotional with induced electric voltage . c. The size of the coil (length and width) doesn't affect the induced current as long as the number of loops and magnet movement relative to the coil remain constant. d. Faster movement increases the rate of change of magnetic flux (dΦ/dt) through the coil. This induces a larger current, making the bulb brighter. Transformer Set the transformer as suggested below:
1. Experiment with the simulation and record your observation: Actions Observation of the Brightness of the Bulb Using the battery as the power source Brighter Swapping the battery for the AC source Weaker Adding more loops to the right coil while keeping using the AC source Brighter Increasing the size of the coil while keeping using the AC source The Same 2. Explain your observations by applying Faraday’s Law ℇ mf = -N x A x ( ∆ B ∆t ) : Generator Set the simulation as suggested below. You can control the amount of falling water by sliding the switch on the top left of the screen.
1. Experiment with the simulation and record your observation: Actions Observation of the Brightness of the Bulb Turning off the water completely No Change Increasing the amount of falling water Brighter Increasing the strength of the bar magnet Brighter Adding more loops to the “pickup” coil Brighter Increasing the size of the “pickup” coil No Change 2. Explain your observations by applying Faraday’s Law ℇ mf = -N x A x ( ∆ B ∆t ) : a. Turning off water = no motion = no change in magnetic flux ( ∆ B ∆t ) b. More water = faster rotating turbine = greater change in magnetic flux ( ∆ B ∆t ) = greater EMF c. Stronger magnet = Stronger magnetic field (B) = stronger magnetic flux = greater EMF d. More loops (N) = increases the EMF proportionally
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