AP Physics 1 general practice

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Apr 3, 2024

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AP Physics 1 general practice: 1. Two particles collide and stick together. If no external forces act on the two particles, which of the following is correct for the change in total momentum Ap and the change in total kinetic energy ΔK of the two particles? (A)Δp<0; ΔK<0 (B)Δp<0; ΔK=0 (C)Δp=0; ΔK<0 (D)Δp=0; ΔK=0 (E)Δp=0; ΔK>0 2. A 2 kg object traveling at 5 m/s on a frictionless horizontal surface collides head-on with and sticks toa 3 kg object initially at rest. Which of the following correctly identifies the change in total kinetic energy and the resulting speed of the objects after the collision? Kinetic Energy Speed (A) Increases 2m/s (B) Increases 3.2m/s (C) Decreases 2m/s (D) Decreases 3.2m/s Question 3-5 refer to the following material: Block1 of mass m1 and block 2 of mass m2 are sliding along the same line on a horizontal frictionless surface when they collide at time The graph above shows the velocities of the blocks as a function of time. 3. Which block has the greater mass, and what information indicates this?

(A) Block 1, because it had a greater speed before the collision. (B) Block 1, because the velocity after the collision is in the same direction as its velocity before the collision. (C) Block 2, because it had a smaller speed before the collision. (D) Block 2, because the final velocity is closer to the initial velocity of block 2 than it is to the initial velocity of block 1. 4. How does the kinetic energy of the two-block system after the collision compare with its kinetic energy before the collision, and why? (A) It is less, because the blocks have the same velocity after the collision, so some of their kinetic energy was transformed into internal energy. B) It is less, because the blocks have velocities in opposite directions before the collision, so some of their kinetic energy cancels. C) It is the same, because the collision was instantaneous, so the effect of external forces during the collision is negligible. (D) It is the same, because the blocks have the same velocity after the collision, and there is no friction acting on them. 5. Which of the following is true of the motion of the center of mass of the two-block system during the time shown? (A)The center of mass does not move because the blocks are moving in opposite directions before the collision. (B) The center of mass moves at a constant velocity of +1.0 m/s because there is no friction acting on the system. (C)The center-of-mass velocity starts out greater than +1.0 m/s but decreases to +1.0 m/s during the collision because the collision is inelastic. (D) The center-of-mass velocity increases as the blocks get closer together, and then becomes constant after the collision. 6. A rubber ball with mass 0.20 kg is dropped vertically from a height of 1.5 m above a floor. The ball bounces off of the floor, and during the bounce 0.60 J of energy is dissipated. What is the maximum height of the ball after the bounce? (A) 0.30m (B) 0.90m (C) 1.2m (D) 1.5m 7. A sled slides down a hill with friction between the sled and hill but negligible air resistance. Which of the following must be

correct about the resulting change in energy of the sled-Earth system? (A) The sum of the kinetic energy and the gravitational potential energy changes by an amount equal to the energy dissipated by friction. (B) The gravitational potential energy decreases and the kinetic energy is constant. (C)The decrease in the gravitational potential energy is equal to the increase in kinetic energy. (D) The gravitational potential energy and the kinetic energy must both decrease. 8. A block is given a short push and then slides with constant friction across a horizontal floor. The graph above shows the kinetic energy of the block after the push ends as a function of an unidentified quantity. The quantity could be which of the following? Select two answers. (A) Time elapsed since the push (B) Distance traveled by the block (C) Speed of the block (D) Magnitude of the net work done on the block 9. A 0.2 kg rock is dropped into a lake from a few meters above the surface of the water. The rock reaches terminal velocity in the lake after 5 s in the water. During the final 3 s of its descent to the lake bottom, the rock moves at a constant speed of 4 m/s. Which of the following can be determined from the information given? Select two answers. (A) The speed of the rock as it enters the lake (B) The distance the rock travels in the first 5 s of its descent in the water (C)The acceleration of the rock 2 s before it reaches the lake bottom (D)The change in potential energy of the rock-Earth-water system during the final 3 s of the rock's descent

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10. A ball attached to a light string swings in a counterclockwise vertical circle, as shown above. Which of the following arrows represent one of the forces exerted on the ball at the moment it passes through point P? Select two answers. 11. A race car going around a flat, unbanked circular track gradually increases speed as it completes one full trip around the track. Which of the following can explain why the car gains speed? Select Two Answers. (A) Energy stored in the fuel is converted to mechanical energy. (B)A component of the frictional force exerted by the ground on the tires is directed toward the center of the circle. (C) A component of the frictional force exerted by the ground on the tires is in the direction of motion. (D) The car's velocity and acceleration are perpendicular. 12. A person is running on a track. Which of the following forces propels the runner forward? (A)The normal force exerted by the ground on the person (B)The normal force exerted by the person on the ground (C)The force of friction exerted by the ground on the person (D) The force of friction exerted by the person on the ground 13. A kitten sits in a lightweight basket near the edge of a table. A person accidentally knocks the basket off the table. As the kitten and basket fall, the kitten rolls, turns, kicks, and catches the basket in its claws. The basket lands on the floor with the kitten safely inside. If air resistance is negligible, what

is the acceleration of the kitten-basket system while the kitten and basket are in midair? (A)The acceleration is directed downward with magnitude less than g because the basket is light. (B) The acceleration is directed downward with magnitude equal to g because the system is a projectile. (C) The acceleration fluctuates because of the rolling, turning, and kicking motion of the kitten. (D)The acceleration cannot be determined without knowing how hard the basket is pushed. 14. An object starts from rest and slides with negligible friction down an air track tipped at an angle θ from the horizontal. A student records values of the object's position along the track at various times. The value of θ can best be determined from which of the following? (A) The y-intercept of a graph of position as a function of time (B) The y-intercept of a graph of position as a function of the square of time (C) The slope of a graph of position as a function of time (D) The slope of a graph of position as a function of the square of time 15. A 50.0 N box is at rest on a horizontal surface. The coefficient of static friction between the box and the surface is 0.50, and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.30. A horizontal 20.0 N force is then exerted on the box. The magnitude of the acceleration of the box is most nearly (A)0m/s2 (B)0.5m/s2 (C)1.0m/s2 (D)4.0m/s2 16. A small cart is rolling freely on an inclined ramp with a constant acceleration of 0.50 m/s in the -x-direction. At time t=0, the cart has a velocity of 2.0 m/s in the +x-direction. If the cart never leaves the ramp, which of the following statements correctly describes the motion of the cart at a time t>5s? (A) The cart is traveling in the +x-direction and is slowing down. (B) The cart is traveling in the +x-direction and is speeding up. (C) The cart is traveling in the -x-direction and is slowing down. (D) The cart is traveling in the -x-direction and is speeding up.

17. A person driving a car suddenly applies the brakes. The car takes 4 s to come to rest while traveling 20 m at constant acceleration. Can the speed of the car immediately before the brakes were applied be determined without first determining the car's acceleration? (A)Yes, by dividing the distance (20 m) by the time (4 s). (B) Yes, by determining the average speed while braking and doubling it. (C)No, because the acceleration is needed to use standard equations such as Δx=vt+1/2at^2 (D) No, because the fundamental relationship that defines velocity contains acceleration.

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