Coulomb's Law lab Online

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University of Texas, San Antonio *

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1073

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Physics

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Apr 3, 2024

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Coulomb’s Law Purpose The purpose of this lab is to explore the force pairs created by the interaction of electrical charges, and the inverse square nature of those forces. Theory Charles Coulomb, in 1785, experimentally determined the behavior of the physical interaction between two electrical charges. He found that any two electrical charges exert forces on each other that conform to the following rules: 1. The force is directed along a straight line between the two charges. 2. The magnitude of the forces is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the centers of the two charges. 3. The magnitude of the forces is proportional to the product of the absolute values of the two charges. 4. The force is attractive if the two charges have opposite signs, and repulsive if the two charges have the same signs. These rules are quantified via the following equation known as Coulomb’s Law. 𝐹 = 𝑘 ? 1 | | ? 2 | | ? 2 Here q 1 and q 2 are the charges, r is the distance between their centers, and k is known as Coulomb’s Constant with a value of k = 8.99·10 9 Nm 2 /C 2 . As already stated, when the charges have different signs the forces are attractive, meaning the forces are trying to pull each charge towards the other. When the charges have the same signs, the forces are repulsive, meaning they are trying to push the two charges away from each other. 1

Setup 1. Go to the following website: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/coulombs-law 2. You should now see the following: 3. Click on download and open the software when completed. 4. You should now see the following: 5. Double click the Macro Scale, the option on the left. 6. You should now see the following: 2

Procedure 1. In the grey box to the left of the bottom of your screen set charge 1 to, q 1 = - 10 µC. a. Record this value as -10.0 μC at the top of the Table. 2. In the grey box near the bottom and center of your screen set charge 2 to, q 2 = 10 µC. a. Record this value A 10.0 μc at the top of the Table. 3. In the grey box to the right of the bottom of your screen ‘check’ Force Values. 4. The position of the two charges is to be measured from the black dot at each of their centers. a. Move the charge on the left, q 1 , to position 0.00 cm. b. Move the charge on the right, q 2 , to position 10.00 cm 5. Record the value of the force acting on the charges in the Table for r = 10.00 cm, be sue to watch the precision (decimal places) when recording the Force data. a. Move the charges, and then record the force values for the rest of the values for r in the Table. 3

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Coulomb’s Law Online Lab Name_________________________________________ Course and section_______________________________________ Instructor______________________________________________ Table: q 1 ______-10uC_______ q 2 _____10uC_______ (20 points) r (cm) F (N) 10.00 89.876 N 9.00 110.957 N 8.00 144.008 N 7.00 183.419 N 6.00 241.536 N 5.00 359.502 N 4.00 561.722 N 3.00 998.617 2.00 2246.888 N 1.40 4585.485 N 1. For both r = 10.00 cm, and r = 1.40 cm calculate the value for the electrostatic force. Show Sample Calculations (Formula and units). (10 points) 𝐹 = 𝑘 ? 1 | | ? 2 | | ? 2 k = 8.99·10 9 Nm 2 /C 2 . r = 10.00 cm F = (8.99*10^9 Nm^2/C^2)(10^-6 C)(10^-6 C)/(10^-2 m)^2 = 89.9 N r = 1.40 cm F = (8.99*10^9 Nm^2/C^2)(10^-6 C)(10^-6 C)/(1.4* 10^-2 m)^2 = 45.9 N 4

2. What direction does the force vector on q 1 point in? Make a simple sketch. (5 points) It goes to the right since it is attracted to q2 3. What direction does the force vector on q 2 point in? Make a simple sketch. (5 points) It goes to the left since it is attracted to q1 4. Why do those force vectors point in the directions they do? (10 points) The reasoning for the directions that the force vectors are pointing at is due to them being opposite charges of one another. 5. If the charge on q 1 was positive, what direction would the force vector acting on it point? Make a simple sketch. (5 points) If q1 were positive then the force vectors would repel each other going the opposite direction due to them being the same charge 5

6. If the charge on q 2 was negative, what direction would the force vector acting on it point? Make a simple sketch. (5 points) If q2 were negative then the force vectors would repel each other going the opposite direction due to them being the same charge 7. Using Excel or some other graphing software make a graph of F vs r, with r in meters. Turn this graph in with your lab worksheet. Insert the graph below or attach it to the end of the worksheet. (10 points). 8. What happens to the value of F as r gets larger? (5 points) As r (Distance) becomes larger in value, F in response starts to shrink in value losing force 6

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9. What happens to the value of F as r gets smaller? (5 points) As r (Distance) becomes smaller in value, F in response starts to increase in value gaining force 10. Why does the graph have the shape it does? (20 points) The graph looks like it does due to the force being inversely proportional to our r (Distance) squared which thus gives us our shape of the graph an exponential decay 7

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