Lab 8

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University of Colorado, Colorado Springs *

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Dec 6, 2023

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Running Head: Lab 8 1 Rana Vargas Dr. Therese Fukuda Pikes Peak State College General Physics II Lab Partner: N/A 3/30/2023 Lab 8: Magnetic Forces and Fields

Lab 8 2 PRE-LAB QUESTIONS 1. If moving charges create a magnetic field, explain how a permanent magnet has a magnetic field.  A permanent magnet has a magnetic field due to electrons moving inside the magnet. 2. If a current carrying wire is coming out of the page at you (Figure 4), describe the direction of the magnetic field. Figure 4: A cross-section of a current carrying wire coming out of the page is depicted by the circle with a dot. ** as I learned from my tutor, we should use the right-hand rule, to help us find out the direction which is in our case counterclockwise. 3. Use the equation for magnetic force on a moving charge to derive the equation for magnetic force on a current carrying wire. Show your work. Hint : See section 21.5 of your text for help. * F=qv*B sin σ however the angle is 90 which means sin σ= 1 © eScience Labs, 2019 Magnetic Forces and Fields

Lab 8 3 q=e --  df=d q V d B  F= ∫ 0 d dq dl / dt ,  d q /d t = I  F= I*B © eScience Labs, 2019

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Lab 8 4 * EXPERIMENT 1: MAGNET BEHAVIOR Data Tables Table 1: Single Magnet Interaction Behavior Magnet Sides Observations A1 to B1 So hard to be close to each other even with force. A1 to B2 they attract each other. A2 to B2 It is also hard to touch each other however with force it’s possible A2 to B1 They attract each other Table 2: Stacked Magnet Interaction Behavior Interaction Observations A1 to Metal Surface They are attracted to each other A1 to Stack Less attraction compared to metal surfaces A2 to Metal Surface Weaker attraction to metal surfaces than A1 A2 to Stack No attraction or I can say they repulse each other Post-Lab Questions 1. The stack of magnets works as one, large bar magnet. When one magnet was removed from the stack did the magnetic poles change? Use your results to support your answer.  I don’t believe poles change after removing one magnet, however, it might be one magnet weaker as we removed one. We learned from the schedule above that the stack of magnets attracts each other. A1 and the stack attract each other, however, they are repulsive to the A2. 4. Were both sides of the single magnet attracted to the metal surface? Use your results to support your answer. © eScience Labs, 2019

Lab 8 5  Yes definitely both sides were attracted to the metal surface as the metal surface is not a permanent magnet (I got my answer from the pre-lab question/ they helped), as the metal surface worked at the moment as a magnet and got attracted to the permanent magnet we have. A1 and A2 both attract metal surfaces on both sides as well. 5. Explain why one side of the single magnet attracted the metal surface but repelled the stack of magnets.  Magnets that aren’t permanent can be attracted by induction. So, when bringing a real magnet next to the temporary one they either attract or repulse each other depending on which side of the temporary one or the induced one. Sometimes both can have the same charge so they can repulse each other. As A2 one side attracts the metal surface however repulses the stack. It all depends on the side charge. 6. What orientation of the magnets gives the strongest repulsion or attraction? Why do you think that is the case? What must be true of the magnetic field at those locations compared to other locations around the magnet?  The flux density plays a huge role in the repulsion force. As if the magnets attract each other means different poles are in fact facing each other. However, if they are the same then they will repulse each other. So yes, location plays a huge part. 7. If you cut a bar magnet in half, are the two halves still magnets? Explain your reasoning.  I remember this question was in one of the discussions as I remember explaining that there is no monopole magnetic which means there is a dipole magnetic only which means if we ever cut a magnet into infinite pieces then there will be no change whatsoever to the pole. Which means each piece will act as a normal/ regular magnet. 8. Explain how the magnet attracts something that is originally non-magnetic.  As I explained above, metal, or nonmagnetic materials can turn into temporary magnetic by induction. This process occurs when the rea/ permanent magnet acts around our material to affect it with its magnetic field. © eScience Labs, 2019

Lab 8 6 EXPERIMENT 2: MAGNETIC FIELD LINES Post-Lab Questions 1. Describe the direction of the compass needle as you moved it around the bar magnet. How did the needle point behave at opposite ends of the magnet? How did the distance of the compass to the magnet affect the compass needle’s behavior?  The direction of the needle is to the south pole. It rotates once. The further the distance the more our needle goes back to its normal behavior. 9. Sketch your predictions of the magnetic field lines. © eScience Labs, 2019

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Lab 8 7 10. Sketch your observations of the magnetic field created by the iron filings. * 11. Describe how the actual arrangement of the iron filings (magnetic field lines) compare to your predicted magnetic field lines.  I see them close to the poles that face each other, however, they get less in number the further away from this pole, it will be demonstrated by the photos as well. Reference: What are magnetic fields? (article) | Khan Academy . (n.d.). Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/magnetic-forces-and-magnetic- fields/magnetic-field-current-carrying-wire/a/what-are-magnetic-fields Photos: © eScience Labs, 2019

Lab 8 8 These coming pictures show the compass and how the needle pointing even when i move it in any direction. © eScience Labs, 2019

Lab 8 9 © eScience Labs, 2019

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Lab 8 10 © eScience Labs, 2019

Lab 8 11 This is the iron filling © eScience Labs, 2019

Lab 8 12 © eScience Labs, 2019

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