Newton's Second Law of Motion Speed and Acceleration

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Shepherd University *

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103

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Physics

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Dec 6, 2023

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Uploaded by ChefOxide23915

Virtual Lab Report Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Speed and Acceleration Samantha Record This lab report is for you to reflect on what you completed and learned in this simulation, and to practice your written scientific communication skills. Sections 1. Describe the overall objective and make a hypothesis 2. Introduce relevant background knowledge on this topic 3. Summarize the steps taken in the simulation 4. Explain any obtained results 5. Discuss the conclusions and implications 1 Copyright Labster ApS 2021 All Rights Reserved

1. Describe the overall objective and make a hypothesis. What is the overall purpose of the experiments or activities? Make a hypothesis if applicable. Hint: The purpose is often stated in the welcome message of the simulation. Write your answers here: The objective of this simulation is to learn how to use equations related to force, mass, and acceleration and to understand how manipulating the magnitude of balanced and unbalanced forces influence the speed and acceleration of an object. This lab will also help us learn how to interpret speed from a distance/time graph. This simulation focuses on Newton’s second law, relating to the major concepts of velocity, friction, vectors, motion, force, and net force. The purpose of the simulation is to get a unique hands-on experience dealing with these major concepts that reflect Newton’s second law of motion, which will allow us to gain more insight into the concepts and get an overall better understanding of physics and the basics of science. My proposed hypothesis is, If the magnitude of balanced and unbalanced forces is manipulated then the speed and acceleration of a body are affected. 2 Copyright Labster ApS 2021 All Rights Reserved

2. Introduce relevant background knowledge on this topic. What have you learned in class or researched on your own that would help prepare for this simulation? Hint: You can review the “THEORY” section in the simulation or at https://theory.labster.com/ if you need help. Write your answers here: Newton’s first two laws of motion are important to understand as they are the main topic within our lab. Newton’s first law of motion, also called the principle of inertia, states that a body at rest remains at rest, and an object moving in a straight line at a constant velocity remains moving in a straight line at a constant velocity unless an external force acts upon the object. Newton's second law of motion explains that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to, and in the same direction as the net external force acting on the object, but inversely proportional to its mass. The net external force is the vector sum of all external forces acting on the object. It is also important to know that acceleration is the rate that velocity changes over time, and objects can accelerate due to external forces including normal force, weight, friction, and spring force. The information stated is important to have prior to the lab to be prepared but also so I am able to absorb as much content as possible while completing the lab successfully. 3 Copyright Labster ApS 2021 All Rights Reserved

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3. Summarize the steps taken in the simulation. Explain each step you completed including the equipment and techniques you used. Hint: You can use the “MISSION” tab in the LabPad as inspiration. Write your answers here: The lab started with an introduction to Newton’s second law, in which summed up the important ideas of the law. It stated that acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over time, in which I observed that stronger forces produce a larger acceleration on equal masses, and when we apply the same force, heavier masses have a smaller acceleration. I realized during our lab the car always eventually slowed down, and later discovered that this was due to friction, and this was due to the change of velocity in the opposite direction of the motion of the vehicle. I was then teleported to the space station where I experimented with different masses and forces since there was no friction or other force acting on the car in space. This section summed up newton’s Second law by emphasizing that the acceleration of a body is directionally proportional and in the same direction as the net force acting on it, and my discovery that the acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass also reflected Newton’s second law of motion. Then we were tasked with experimenting with instantaneous and constant forces, where I learned that instantaneous forces produce sudden changes in velocity in the instant it acts, whereas constant forces change the velocity steadily. The next part of the lab dealt with escaping the black hole that was exerting a constant force that drove the car backward. This is where I learned that we had to use the vector sum of the force I applied last time and a force opposite to the black hole. I realized that the sum of the forces was producing the 4 Copyright Labster ApS 2021 All Rights Reserved

acceleration, rather than the individual forces. The next part of the simulation was dodging asteroids. I learned that I had to accelerate the car in the opposite direction of the velocity and exert a force that pushed against the current motion for the car to slow down. Then, I moved to the part of the lab that consisted of facing friction. I got to experiment with different amounts of friction and see how that affected the acceleration of the car. I learned that net force and acceleration have the same direction, so we use their magnitudes and divide the equation (fnet=m * a) by m. 4. Describe any obtained results. Explain any obtained results. Were these results expected or unexpected? Hint: You can use the “MEDIA” tab in the Lab Pad to find relevant images from the simulation. You can also take screenshots while you are playing the simulation. Write your answers here: The results of the several experiments completed are a representation of Newton’s second law. In which my hypothesis stands to be correct that if the magnitude of balanced and unbalanced forces is manipulated then the speed and acceleration of a body are affected. Although errors had occurred it ended up not effecting the results of the lab. 5 Copyright Labster ApS 2021 All Rights Reserved

5. Discuss the conclusions and implications. How do your results relate back to the original purpose and your hypothesis? Were there any systematic sources of error that could have affected the results? What did you learn? What is the importance of these findings and how can you apply them to other real-world situations? Write your answers here: My results indicated the relationship between magnitude and balanced/unbalanced forces are directly connected. If the force magnitude is manipulated, then the speed and acceleration are impacted as a result. I also learned that friction could play a factor in the relationship between magnitude and acceleration and speed. This is represented in the car section of the lab where we are responsible for manipulating those changing factors. 6 Copyright Labster ApS 2021 All Rights Reserved

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