ASTR homework

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Dec 6, 2023

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ASTR-1304 (Solar System) Homework Assignment #2 (Ch. 1 and Ch. 2) Name: Joshua Gutierrez A. Multiple choice (2 points each). Circle or mark correct letter. 1. In its orbit around the Sun, Earth is slightly closer to the Sun at ___B___ in January. a. aphelion b. perihelion c. vernal equinox d. autumnal equinox 2. Day and night cycles are caused by the ___D____ of Earth. a. revolution b. location c. axis tilt d. rotation 3. This is a projection of Earth’s equator into space, making a complete circle around the. C celestial sphere. a. North celestial pole b. South celestial pole c. Celestial equator d. Ecliptic 4. ____B___ is the turning of a body on its axis. a. Precession b. Rotation c. Revolution d. Inclination

5. __C____ is the motion of a body around a point outside the body. a. Precession b. Rotation c. Revolution d. Inclination e. Obliquity 6. Astronomers describe the brightness of stars using the ___A____. a. magnitude scale b. nadir point c. zenith point d. angular diameter 7. The ___D___ of an orbit is a measure of its departure from a perfect circle. a. angular diameter b. precession c. angularity d. eccentricity 8. When it is summer in Australia, it is __A__. a. winter in the United States b. summer in the United States c. spring in the United States 9. Earth’s rapid rotation makes its axis sweep out the shape of a cone, like a heavy top slowing down. This motion is known as __B____. a. momentum b. precession

c. revolution d. precision e. recession 10. Within the northern hemisphere, the vernal equinox marks the start of ___D___. a. winter b. fall c. summer d. spring e. a new year 2 11. What is the Sun’s apparent annual path among the constellations? A a. Ecliptic b. Zenith c. Nadir d. Elliptic e. Milankovitch cycle 12. Which is NOT a constellation? (Note: not all constellations were discussed in class.) C a. Lynx b. Perseus c. Pleiades d. Ursa Major e. Draco 13. If the nearest star is 4.2 light-years away, then ___B____. a. the light takes 4.2 seconds to reach us b. the light takes 4.2 years to reach us

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c. this cannot be calculated because the velocity of light is not constant 14. Consider coordinates on Earth: at what location on Earth is the Sun seen at the zenith twice during the year? Cc a. At the North Pole b. At the South Pole c. At the equator d. Both (a) and (b) 15. At what location on Earth is the Sun seen at the zenith only once during the year? B a. At the Tropic of Capricorn b. At the Tropic of Cancer c. At the equator d. Both (a) and (b) 16. For the northern hemisphere, at what location on Earth is the Sun directly overhead at local noon on June 21? B a. At the Tropic of Capricorn b. At the Tropic of Cancer c. At the North Pole d. At the South Pole 17. At what location on Earth are the celestial poles seen on the horizon? C a. At the North Pole b. At the South Pole c. At the equator d. At the Tropic of Capricorn e. At the Tropic of Cancer

18. At what location on Earth are all southern stars seen as circumpolar? B a. At the North Pole b. At the South Pole c. At the Tropic of Capricorn d. At the Tropic of Cancer 19. The Milankovitch hypothesis suggests that the shape of Earth’s orbit, its precession, and tilted axis can influence climatic changes and thus cause ___B___. a. hurricanes b. ice ages c. season shif d. longer days 20. The seasons are caused by Earth’s orbit moving closer to or farther from the Sun. B a. True b. False B. Fill in the blank and completion. [2 points each] 21. Astronomers divide the entire sky into 88 Constellations_______________________, which are distinct, irregularly shaped regions much like countries on Earth. [Continued on next page . . . ] 3 22. Depending on our location, some stars never set. Those stars are called Circumpolar____ stars. 23. The Sun crosses the celestial equator on March 21 (approximately) and again on September 21 (approximately). Are these dates an equinox or solstice? Equinox____________________ 24. This planet has an orbital period of 29.5 years in which it completes an orbit around the Sun. Who am I? Saturn___________________________________

For the next two questions, use these two keywords: rotates, revolves. [Two points each.] 25. Earth ____ Revolves_____________________ once a year around the Sun. 26. Earth ____ Rotates______________________ once every 24 hours. C. Advanced. [2 points] 27. If Jupiter’s average orbital distance from the Sun is 5.20 AUs, what is Jupiter’s average orbital distance expressed in miles? Show your work for full credit. 1 Au is equal to 93,000,000 mi (Distance from Earth to Sun From assignment) 1 Au is equal to 92,955,807 mi (Exact distance not rounded up) Google helped find exact distance If Jupiter is 5.20 Au is expressed as 93,000,000 * 5.20= 483,600,000 miles If Jupiter is 5.20 Au is expressed as 92,955,807 * 5.20= 483,400,000 miles

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