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Name l 4 CONCEPTUAL Phys: PRACTICE PAGE B\ L Date Chapter 9 Gravity Inverse-Square Law and Weight 1. Paint spray travels radially away from the nozzle of the can in straight lines. Like gravity, !r?e strength (intensity) of the spray obeys an inverse-square law. Complete the diagram by filling in the blank spaces. 1 AREA UNIT |4 AREA UNITS '(#)AREA UNITS] () AREA UNITS PAINT SPRAY |1 mm THICK | % mm THICK | (%) mm THICK | ¢45) mm THICK 2 . . o i i i lluminates a wall behind. 2. A small light source located 1 m in front of an opening of area 1 m" illumin If the wal?is 1 m behind the opening (2 m from the light. source), the illuminated area covers 4m°. How many square meters will be illuminated if the wall is 5 m from the source? _ZS_W‘; {'m? OPENING : e 4 : m 10 m from the source? (Q4M i E:l/ : ILLUMINATION SOURCE i on a weighing scale and find that we are pulled toward Earth with a force of : gc‘)’ger\ls‘?}?:na\:v;e:\:eigh &4 "g N.gStrictIy speaking, we weigh£0¢ N re_:lat.ive to Earth. How much does éarth weigh? If you tip the scale upside down and repeat the weighing process, we can say that we and Earth are still pulled together with a force of_S Q9 N,and the}'efore, rglatlve to us, the whole 6,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000-kg Earth weighsS ¢ o N! Weight, unlike mass, is a relative quantity. - VIEW THE SAME FROM ANOTHER PERSPECTIVE / DO YOU SEE WHY IT MAKES SENSE TO DISCUSS THE EARTH'S MASS, BUT NOT ITS WEIGHT? We are pulled to Earth with a force Earth is pulled toward us with a force of 500 N, so we weigh 500 N. of 500 N, so it weighs 500 N. :ImT.’ 51

CONCEPTUAL PllySiCS PRACTICE PAGE T Chapter 9 Gravity : e Inverse-Square Law and Weight—continue 4. The spaceship is attracted | to both the planet and the planet's moon. The planet \ has four times the mass of its moon. The force of \ attraction of the spaceship to the planet is shown by ,4/ the vector. — Rl a. Carefully sketch another 3 % s vector to show the spaceship’s attraction to the moon. Then apply the \ i parallelogram method of Chapter 5 and 4D f\" sketch the resultant force. b. Determine the location between the planet and its moon (along the dotted line) where gravitational forces cancel. Make a sketch of the spaceship there. 5. Consider a planet of uniform density that has a straight tunnel from the North Pole through the center to the South Pole. At the surface of the planet, an object weighs 1 ton. a. Fill in the gravitational force on the object when it is half way to the center, then at the center. b. Describe the motion you would experience if you fell into the tunnel. ba(k omd £dT M gTlo | 6. Consider an object that weighs 1 ton at the surface of a planet, just before the planet gravitationally collapses. (The mass of the planet remains the same during collapse.) a. Fill in the weights of the object on the planet's shrinking surface at the radial values show™ 1T°N/‘~ AN P S Sl e e P W T PR T S *‘__’__TON A—j_TGN rﬂ??.'r‘"“ > 2% %o puts AN : i erected tha ition- |anet has collapsed to one-tenth of its initial radius, a Igdder is his posit & :/1\1/: ?Jrl,)j?:t 25 far from its center as the object was originally. Fill in its weight at! el

CONCEPTUAL P IlySiC PRACTICE PAGE Chapter 9 Gravity QOur Ocean Tides 1. Consider two equal-mass blobs of w. ater, A and B, initially at rest in the Moon's A 2 gravitational field. The vector shows the <~ <& gravitational force of the Moon on A. a. Draw a force vector on B due to the Moon’s gravity. b. Is the force on B more or less than the force on A? LED 5 E Why? (15 felther oWe J d. The blobs accelerate toward the Moon. Which has the greater acceleration? ([A]) [B] e. Because of the different accelerations, with timeé [A gets farther ahead of B] [A and B gain identical speeds] and the distance between A and B fincreases] ) [stays the same] [decreases]. £, If A and B were connected by a rubber band, with time the rubber band would [not stretch]. g. This stretching]. [non-stretching] is due to the @f—er*enc;]) [non-difference] in the Moon’s gravitational pulls. e e h. The two blobs will eventually crash into the Moon. To orbit around the Moon instead of crashing into it, the blobs should move [away from the Moon] 7tanrgally Then their accelerations will consist of changes in [speed] [direction]; A B 2. Now consider the same two blobs p & @ of Earth. 74 7 located on opposite sides a. differences in the Moon’s pull on the blobs, they tend to [spread away from each other] [approach each other]. Bs L2 et o b. Does this spreading produce ocean tides?("[;('es] ) [No] c lf arth and Moon were closer, gravitationnaglrforce between them would be [more] > [the same] [less], and the difference in gravitational forces on the near r parts of the ocean would be <@o_r3]) [the same] [less]. d. gecaus;: Earth’g orbit about Fhe Sun is slightly elliptical, the Earth and Sun are closer in ecember than in June. Taking the Sun'’s tidal force into account, on a world average, ocean tides are greater in ([December] ~ [June] [no di b ifference). |

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JONCEPTUAL PnySICS PRACTICE PAGE Chapter 10 Projectile and Satellite Motion ; Independence of Horizontal and Vertical Components of Motion O { I wl i O |Z il T, S, 3 20N — it © = Q = ) U‘—E ; ‘4 Zl= ' = Y am @ = 1 1 3 / ! 4 1 ' / ® = \ - | e = fi = ) = ' = = ! = ) == N . = ’:__—_‘_ ; = : == { . = ' = ; e Bl ( g== L g - = - ST 1. Above left: Use the scale 1 cm: 5 m and draw the positions of the dropped ball at 1-second intervals. Neglect air resistance and assume g = 10 m/s?. Estimate the number of seconds the ball is in the air. al seconds 2. Above right: The four positions of the thrown ball with no gravity are at 1-second intervals. At 1 .cm: 5m, carefully draw the positions of the ball with gravity. Neglect air resistance and assume g =10 m/s?. Connect your positions with a smooth curve to show the path of the ball. HOW,IS the motion in the vertical direction affected by motion in the horizontal direction? ; V! pravieh 15 offecied bY golir¥ holi2ankrl mord) datt T K Z&T e AATUE gifel 4 hx Al V)

% . UAL hySICrPRACTICE PAGE fi ,Chapter 10 n Projecti ; i Ojectl_le and Satellite Motion nents of Motlon—continued Ndepeng e ce of Horizontal and Vertical Comp© e / !V IE.' [3 J = ol mlhm/mlhm G | il 9 | !L ulun il 8 | 6 ||Imlu|I||;n|u(|T||ImIm|l T ¢ il i il T ' il > SO T — 1§ ! scale 1 cm: 5 m and carefully our positions with a .S 21 seconds tal. Use the same th the dashed line. Connect y! 3. This time the ball is thrown below the horizon s the ball remains in the air. draw the positions of the ball as it falls benea smooth curve. Estimate the number of second or on site to determine whether or not a car was the bridge and into the mudbank as shown, The : 2 it 4. Suppose that you are an accident investigat tis your conclusion? s speeding before it crashed through the rail 0 speed limit on the bridge is 55 mph = 24 m/s. Wha o -+ Ql :;I\'T)\ 24 /g wuen 0 (1O ) e Vs 'l.(rlzll“”!'n‘l.m_u:c:l[!n-mu-n il ///’% ik ru B ‘,r M ho W 4.9m Tt '&' Y ove \ed e s efort p— =24m — O\ S \/\/ (” \ Attt

CONCEPTUAL PhySics PRACTICE PAGE Chapter 10 Projectile and Satellite Motion Tossed Ball A ball tossed upward has initial velocity components 30 m/s vertical and 5 m/s horizontal. Thg ' position of the ball is shown at 1-second intervals. Air resistance is negligible and g = 10 m/s”. Write the values in the boxes for ascending velocity components and your calculated resultant descending velocities. (am /S Use the geametry theorem CZ = 02 + b2 to find the resultant velocities. &; / More specifically, ; AV - 30 m/s |/ & A / \ e P o . e s I I il RSN

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CONCEPTUAL FllySlCS PRACTICE PAGE Chapter 10 Projectile and Satellite Motion Satellite in Circular Orbit “Newton's Mountain,” so high that its top is above the drag The cannonball is fired and hits the ground as shown. 1. Figure A shows of the atmosphere. a. Draw a likely path that the cannonball might take if it were fired a little bit faster. b. Repeat for a still greater speed, but still less than 8 km/s. | ¢. Draw the orbital path it would take if its speed were 8 km/s. N d. What is the shape of the 8 km/s curve? Al s e. What would be the shape of the orbital Eli.£5C of 9 km/s? path if the cannonball were fired at a speed circular orbit. 9 =7\l vector that e satellite. . Figure B shows a satellite in a. At each of the four positions, draw a tational force exerted on th represents the gravi b. Label the force vectors F. ch position a vector to represent the velocity abel it V. c. Draw atea : lite at that position and | of the satel r F vectors the same length? Why or why not? d. Are all fou o fore (S e Same at Jg-wmd eoucl e. Are all four V vectors the same length? Why\ or why not? ¢ o EOCERE 1 P OGS ThefT | Fa deyreds e f. What is the angle between your F and V vectors? Vand pore Pertetd (VST T ponent of F along V? e ork the force of gravity does on the satellite? g ls there any com, h. What does this tell you about the w wort on ST of tViHY peef hot [eoin$ i. Does the KE of the satellite in Figure B remain constant or does it vary? eMang Col'Starr S 2 ary™ Cob SHnt j. Does the PE of the satellite remain constant or does it vary? S —— sl s et