Lab #8 Rotational Motion

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May 2, 2024

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Lab #8 Rotational Motion Prep Questions 1. Calculate the speed of the Earth's rotation in meters per second. t = 86400 s w = 2pi/t w = 2pi/86400 W= 7.27 * 10^-5 r = 6400 * 10^3 m v = r*w v= (6400 * 10^3) * (7.27 * 10^-5 v= 465.28 m/s 2. A jet travels at 1000 kilometers per hour. Calculate how long it will take for a jet to travel once around the Earth. t = d/s t= (2pi * r)/ v t = (2pi * 6400)/1000 t = 40.21 hr 3. How many kilometers does the Earth travel around the Sun in one year? At what speed does it do this? Distance between sun and earth: r= 150 million km or 150 * 10^6 km d = 2pi*r d = 2pi * 150 * 10^6 d = 94247796.08 km t = 8760 (hours in one year) v = d/t v = 94247796/8760 v = 107588.79 km/hr Content and Analysis

1. Methodology - This lab involves the measurement of small distances traveled on a screen and how they relate to large distances in space. Explain the procedure used to complete this lab. We must play the YouTube video in this lab and determine the sun's diameter in millimeters. Next, to find the number of kilometers per millimeter on your screen, divide the sun's diameter in kilometers by the length you just measured. Once you've worked that out, you'll locate the specific hot places in the video. At that point, you'll pause it, record the time, hit play, then pause it once more. After measuring the distance the spot traveled with your ruler and converting it to kilometers, you can use that information to calculate the spot's velocity in kilometers per second. You'll repeat this three more times to cover all of the spots listed in the instructions. 2. Data Collection - This lab requires some research in addition to some calculations. 5/31/2022 a What is the diameter of the Sun in kilometers? 1392700 km b What is the width of the Sun on your screen in millimeters? 250 mm C. Record your scale: 1 millimeter on the screen is: 5570 kilometers. d. Report the starting time stamp, ending time stamp, and distance traveled on the screen in millimeters for each of the 4 spots.

Spot Starting Time Ending Time Distance Traveled (mm) A 1/27 13:19 1/31 1:19 98 B 1/27 13:19 1/31 1:19 85 C 2/10 1:19 2/14 1:19 115 D 3/14 1:19 3/18 13:19 103 3. Data Analysis – Using the information collected, calculate the seconds between the start

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and stop time and the kilometers traveled by the spot in that time frame. Determine the speed of the spots in kilometers per second. Spot Time Elapsed (s) Distance Traveled (km) Speed (km/s) A 302400 545860 1.805 B 302400 473450 1.56 C 345600 640550 1.85 D 388800 573710 1.48 4. Conclusion – Given the analysis in the previous

section, report the speed for each of the four spots. Spot A: 1.805 km/s Spot C: 1.85 km/s Spot B: 1.56 km/s Spot D: 1.48 km/s 5. Caveats – How accurate are these measurements? Is the actual speed of the spot close to what was stated in the conclusion? How far off could the value be, and what would explain this amount of error?

d. Report the starting time stamp, ending time stamp, and distance traveled on the screen in millimeters for each of the 4 spots. Spot Starting Time Ending Time Distance Traveled (mm) A 1/27 13:19 1/31 1:19 98 B 1/27 13:19 1/31 1:19 85 C 2/10 1:19 2/14 1:19 115

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D 3/14 1:19 3/18 13:19 103 3. Data Analysis – Using the information collected, calculate the seconds between the start and stop time and the kilometers traveled by the spot in that time frame. Determine the speed of the spots in kilometers per second. Spot Time Elapsed (s) Distance Traveled (km) Speed (km/s)

A 302400 545860 1.805 B 302400 473450 1.56 C 345600 640550 1.85 D 388800 573710 1.48 4. Conclusion – Given the analysis in the previous section, report the speed for each of the four spots. Spot A: 1.805 km/s Spot C: 1.85 km/s Spot B: 1.56 km/s Spot D: 1.48 km/s 5. Caveats – How accurate are these measurements?

Is the actual speed of the spot close to what was stated in the conclusion? How far off could the value be, and what would explain this amount of error? d. Report the starting time stamp, ending time stamp, and distance traveled on the screen in millimeters for each of the 4 spots. Spot A Starting Time Ending Time Distance Traveled (mm) 98 1/27 13:19 1/31 1:19 B 1/27 13:19 1/31 1:19 85 C 2/10 1:19 2/14 1:19 115 D 3/14 1:19 3/18 13:19 103 3. Data Analysis - Using the information collected, calculate the seconds between the start and stop time and the kilometers traveled by the spot in that time frame. Determine the speed of the spots in kilometers per second. Spot Time Elapsed (s) Distance Traveled (km) Speed (km/s) A 302400 545860 1.805 B 302400 473450 1.56 C 345600 640550 1.85 D 388800 573710 1.48 4. Conclusion - Given the analysis in the previous section, report the speed for each of the four spots. Spot A: 1.805 km/s Spot C: 1.85 km/s

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Spot B: 1.56 km/s Spot D: 1.48 km/s 5. Caveats - How accurate are these measurements? Is the actual speed of the spot close to what was stated in the conclusion? How far off could the value be, and what would explain this amount of error? Since there could have been numerous errors, I don't think these measurements are all that accurate. Different results could be obtained if, for example, one person measured from the spots' borders while another person measured from their centers. I cannot affirm or refute that my conclusions were within a reasonable speed range given that I am unaware of the spot's real speed. As I previously stated, user mistake in the method of taking the measurements or any errors in the calculations would most likely be the cause.

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