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May 1, 2024

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Section 1: Physics Topic: Scientific Inquiry Lessons: 1, 2, and 4.1 Lesson 1: Methods of Scientific Inquiry • Learning Objective: You will be able to describe the methods of scientific inquiry. 1. What are the three attributes a hypothesis must have in order to be studied scientifically? 2. What is the difference between a controlled experiment and an observational study? 3. A person is measuring how the temperature of coffee affects its acidity. They brew the same brand of coffee at three different temperatures and test each brand’s pH. In this investigation, identify the following variables: a. Independent Variable: b. Dependent Variable: c. Control Variable: 4. In the table below, determine whether each scenario would be best studied with a controlled experiment or an observational study. Scenario/Question Scientific Investigation Type (controlled experiment or observational study) How does humidity affect mushroom growth? What pH will yield the highest amount of product? What amount of yeast will produce bread with the most rise? How do ants communicate in their colony?
How does a team of people respond to an uncontrolled stress? Which type of light eliminates the most bacteria on surgical equipment? Lesson 4.1: Scientific Hypotheses, Laws, and Theories • Learning Objective: You will be able to distinguish among scientific hypotheses, laws, and theories. 1. Fill in the chart below regarding hypothesis, theory, and law. Hypothesis Theory Law Tested (Yes or No) Focus (Narrow or Broad) Type of Statement (Proposed Pattern, Description, or Explanation of How and Why) 2. In the table below, determine whether each statement is a hypothesis, theory, law, or non-scientific statement. Statement or Question Classification (H, T, L, or NSS) The youngest layer in sedimentary rock is on top. The Earth’s outermost layer is broken into large pieces called plates, which move slowly over times. This phenomenon accounts for the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes on Earth.
Increased cooking times breakdown the nutrients in vegetables. Science is interesting. Lesson 2: Understanding Scientific Data • Learning Objective: You will be able to evaluate graphs and data tables to identify relationships between variables. 1. Fill in the following chart to indicate what happens when mass increases based on the correlation type. Law Correlation Type Variable Affected Increase, Decrease, or Unknown Newton’s Second Law of Motion Section 1 Lesson 4.3 Direct Acceleration Gravitational Law Section 3 Lesson 1.1 Inverse Force of Gravity n/a Section 2 Lesson 8.1 No Correlation Temperature 2. Using the graph below, explain whether distance and speed are directly, inversely, or not correlated.
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3. Using the data set in the chart below, explain whether distance and the intensity of light are directly, inversely, or not correlated. Distance Between Two Objects (km) Light Intensity (lux) 0.1 10,000 0.333 902 0.5 400 0.667 225 1.0 100
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