HIS-111-Homework-15
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South Piedmont Community College *
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Course
111
Subject
Philosophy
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
4
Uploaded by Rexybear506
HOMEWORK
Modules 13 through 15
Be sure to answer everything thoroughly—about a paragraph for each “bullet.” Factually correct
answers are important, but be sure to provide some analysis as well. Pay attention to spelling and
grammar, and be sure to give
original
answers—the Academic Integrity policy is in effect.
QUESTIONS FOR
UTOPIA
●
What do you think is Thomas More’s view of human nature? Discuss.
He portrays humans as flawed and greedy. He also believes that humans have the capacity for
improvement and can strive for a better society. He emphasizes the importance of “education and
communal living” to overcome these flaws. He presents a realistic view of human nature, humans can
create a utopian society.
●
What, do you think, were More’s motives in writing
Utopia
?
He aimed to criticize the corrupt social and political systems of his time, highlighting the flaws in society.
More wanted to propose an alternative vision of an ideal society, where justice and equality prevailed.
●
What practices and institutions in the land of Utopia seem sensible? Which ones seem bizarre?
Discuss.
In the land of Utopia, several practices and institutions appear sensible, such as communal living and
distribution of resources. The lack of private property and money promotes social harmony. However,
some aspects seem bizarre, like their strict regulation of personal freedoms and arranged marriages.
Utopia strives for an ideal society, its control over individual choices questions the balance between
“collective welfare and personal autonomy.”
QUESTIONS FOR
THE PRINCE
●
Does Machiavelli’s view of human nature differ from that of Thomas More? Explain.
Machiavelli believed that humans were selfish and driven by their own greed, while More saw humans
as capable of virtue and moral behavior. This fundamental difference in perspective shaped their
philosophies. Machiavelli advocated for a pragmatic approach to governance and emphasized the
importance of ethical principles.
●
Based on what you have read, how would you best describe Machiavelli: as an Italian patriot, a
republican, or as political realist? Explain.
His work, "The Prince," reflects his approach to politics. Machiavelli's emphasis on power, manipulation,
and the “pursuit of self-interest” aligns with political realism. Although he was an Italian patriot who
desired a unified Italy, his focus on practicality and the harsh realities of politics overshadowed his
patriotic sentiments.
QUESTIONS FOR
NINETY-FIVE THESES
AND
SPEECH BEFORE THE DIET OF WORMS
●
What was the Imperial Diet? Why was it convened? Why was Luther summoned before the
Diet?
The Imperial Diet was a legislative assembly in the Holy Roman Empire. It was convened to discuss and
make decisions on matters concerning the empire. The Diet of Worms was summoned to address Martin
Luther's controversial teachings and writings that challenged the authority of the Catholic Church.
●
What was Luther’s answer to the question of spiritual salvation?
He argued that salvation could not be achieved through good works or indulgences but through faith
alone. Luther believed that humans were sinful and could only be saved by “God's grace.” This idea
challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and sparked the Protestant Reformation.
●
What were Luther’s reasons for refusing to recant?
reasons for were rooted in his commitment to the truth of Scripture and his belief that salvation could
only be attained through faith. He saw the corruption within the Catholic Church and wanted to reform
it. This led him to reject any compromise on his convictions. Luther's refusal sparked the Protestant
Reformation, forever changing the course of Christianity.
●
What is the basis for spiritual authority, according to Luther?
The basis for spiritual authority lies in the Word of God alone. He believed that Scripture was the
ultimate source of divine revelation. it should be the guiding principle for all matters of faith and
practice.
●
Why is Luther’s confrontation with the Diet so significant for the History of the West? Discuss.
This event marked a turning point in religious and political realms, leading to the Protestant Reformation
and reshaping Western civilization. Luther's refusal to recant his beliefs challenged the authority of the
Catholic Church. This sparked a wave of religious dissent and individualism
●
In what ways did Luther’s teachings differ from that of the traditional teaching of the Church?
Luther emphasized the authority of Scripture over the Pope and Church hierarchy. He believed that
individuals could have a direct relationship with God through faith. Luther rejected the idea of purgatory
and challenged the Church's teachings on salvation and justification by grace.
QUESTIONS FOR
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS LETTER
●
What was Christopher Columbus seeking when he went on his voyage in 1492?
He was seeking a new route to Asia. He hoped to establish trade and expand the influence of Spain.
Columbus had a desire for wealth and fame, he believed that reaching the East Indies would bring him
great fortune.
●
What impressions does Columbus seem to have of the natives of the Caribbean?
Columbus portrays the natives of the Caribbean with curiosity, fascination, and condescension. He
describes them as attractive and innocent. He refers to their generosity and lack of materials. He also
perceives them as primitive and easily exploitable due to their lack of knowledge about European
technology.
●
To what extent, do you think, does Columbus bear responsibility for the decimation of the Native
population of the Americas? Explain.
Columbus's arrival in the Americas marked the beginning of European colonization. This led to
widespread disease, forced labor, and violence against indigenous populations. His actions set off a chain
reaction that resulted in the decimation of millions of Native Americans. Columbus may have initiated
contact between Europe and the Americas, allowing sole responsibility to him.
QUESTIONS FOR
MAYAN ACCOUNT OF CONQUEST
(1540-1546)
●
Who were the
Conquistadores
?
Select and discuss two of the
Conquistadores
.
The Conquistadores were Spanish explorers and conquerors who played a significant role in the
colonization of the Americas. Two notable conquistadores were Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro.
Cortés is known for his conquest of the Aztec Empire in present-day Mexico, while Pizarro conquered the
Inca Empire. Both men displayed military tactics and ruthlessness in their pursuit of wealth and power.
Their expeditions forever changed the course of history by establishing Spanish dominance in the New
World.
●
What views of religion (either native or Christian) are expressed in this account? Is there sense
of ambiguity about the new Christian religion? Discuss.
The Mayans believed in a system of gods and rituals. They saw it as essential for maintaining harmony
with the natural world. With the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors and their Christian faith, there is a
“sense of ambiguity” about this new religion. Some Mayans embraced Christianity, while others resisted
and stuck to their traditional beliefs.
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Citation
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Royal Museums Greenwich. “Christopher Columbus.” Www.rmg.co.uk, 2022,
www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/christopher-columbus#:~:text=Columbus%20wanted%20to%20find%20a
.
History.com Editors. “Martin Luther Defiant at Diet of Worms.” History, A&E Television Networks, 9 Feb.
2010,
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/luther-defiant-at-diet-of-worms
.
“Utopia and the Prince Analysis - 2270 Words | Internet Public Library.” Www.ipl.org,
www.ipl.org/essay/Political-Reform-In-Thomas-Mores-Utopia-And-FKVBZ6H4AJF6. Accessed 20 Nov.
2023.
Baker-Smith, Dominic. “Thomas More (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy).” Stanford.edu, 2014,
plato.stanford.edu/entries/thomas-more/.