Week 2 - Quiz_ PHI208_ Ethics and Moral Reasoning attempt 2
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School
Ashford University *
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Course
208
Subject
Philosophy
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
12
Uploaded by Logic2008
8/12/2020
Week 2 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A)
https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/70110/quizzes/249700
1/12
Week 2 - Quiz
Due
Aug 16 at 11:59pm
Points
20
Questions
20
Time Limit
240 Minutes
Allowed Attempts
3
Instructions
Attempt History
Attempt
Time
Score
KEPT
Attempt 2 16 minutes
20 out of 20
LATEST
Attempt 2 16 minutes
20 out of 20
Attempt 1 66 minutes
17 out of 20
Score for this attempt: 20
out of 20
Submitted Aug 12 at 5:27am
This attempt took 16 minutes.
[WLOs: 1, 2, 3] [CLOs: 1, 2, 4]
Complete the quiz on the assigned readings for the week. The quiz contains 20 multiple-choice or
true/false questions and is worth 5% of your course grade
. You will have 4 hours to complete the quiz
and it must be taken in one sitting. You have up to three attempts to complete this quiz, and the system
will record the highest score.
Click on the Take the Quiz
button when you are ready to start this exam. When finished, click on
Submit Quiz.
Take the Quiz Again
1 / 1 pts
Question 1
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Week 2 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A)
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Utilitarianism and consequentialism more broadly are ethical theories that
__________.
have few concrete applications have many variations Correct!
Correct!
have almost no critics or challengers use outdated forms of reasoning 1 / 1 pts
Question 2
Kathleen is a girls’ soccer coach who lies now and then to her young team
in order to keep up their spirits and guarantee they have fun, even if they
are not the best players in the league. Kathleen’s lying could be an
example of utilitarian __________.
adaptability Correct!
Correct!
universality impartiality immorality 1 / 1 pts
Question 3
Why does Mill call utilitarianism a “more profoundly religious [doctrine]
than any other”?
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Week 2 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A)
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Because God desires, above all things, the happiness of his creatures. Correct!
Correct!
Because no other doctrine considers happiness. Because more religious leaders subscribe to utilitarianism than any other
doctrine.
Because all other doctrines are godless. 1 / 1 pts
Question 4
Which of the following is the BEST example of an action that was morally
wrong because the advantages to the majority were outweighed by the
suffering of the minority?
the use of child labor in factories in the 1800s Correct!
Correct!
the conning of people out of their life savings by Bernie Madoff the assassination of John F. Kennedy the sexual harassment of women by movie producer Harvey Weinstein 1 / 1 pts
Question 5
What would not be a utilitarian argument on same-sex couples being
allowed to marry?
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Week 2 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A)
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They should be allowed to marry because it makes them happy, helps
reduce the burdens and prejudices same-sex couples face, and doesn’t
hurt anyone else.
They should not be allowed to marry because children benefit more from
having opposite-sex parents.
They should be allowed to marry because the freedom to marry the person
you choose is a fundamental human right.
Correct!
Correct!
They should not be allowed to marry because it offends more people than
it pleases.
1 / 1 pts
Question 6
Lois considers herself an act utilitarian. Accordingly, which of the following
statements is Lois MOST likely to make?
“The notion of rights is just a way for lesser members of society to maintain
control over those capable of greatness.”
“Good consequences are not as important as human rights.” “It may be O.K. to violate someone’s rights if the good you produce
outweighs the harm caused by the violation.”
Correct!
Correct!
“It is O.K. to violate someone’s rights if the law says it’s okay.”
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Week 2 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A)
https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/70110/quizzes/249700
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1 / 1 pts
Question 7
LeBron is writing a paper on how utilitarianism applies to animals. Which
statement would be an example of the objectivity (scientific rationality) of
utilitarianism?
Humans have always treated animals as lesser beings, and so that means
that we are right to continue doing so.
All animals have the same inherent dignity and the right not to be treated
as a mere means to another’s ends.
Science shows that animals experience pleasure and pain, and so those
experiences should be considered when reasoning about moral actions.
Correct!
Correct!
Only the pleasure and pain of humans matter because only humans have
an immaterial soul.
1 / 1 pts
Question 8
All of the following can make it difficult to calculate an action’s utility
EXCEPT
the commitment of the person taking the action. Correct!
Correct!
disagreement about the meaning of happiness.
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Week 2 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A)
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determining what constitutes the greatest good. the scope and time frame of the consequences to be considered. 1 / 1 pts
Question 9
Utilitarianism claims that morally right actions, policies, or laws are those
whose consequences have the greatest positive value and least negative
value __________.
conceived in financial terms compared to available alternatives Correct!
Correct!
only for the individual(s) making them unless they violate an absolute duty 1 / 1 pts
Question 10
Utilitarianism is a form of what broader ethical theory?
Stoicism deontology consequentialism Correct!
Correct!
egoism
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1 / 1 pts
Question 11
What does the utilitarian mean by the term “wrong actions”?
actions that are performed when another action would result in a greater
overall balance of happiness and unhappiness
Correct!
Correct!
actions that are against society’s laws or regulations, even if those laws or
regulations are immoral
actions that are performed with the intent of hurting oneself for pleasure
(masochism)
actions that add to the unhappiness or pain of even one person 1 / 1 pts
Question 12
“Respect for persons” is the basis of a common objection to utilitarianism.
The argument states that a utilitarian does not adequately respect the
dignity and rights of the individual. Which of the following stories from this
text BEST reflects that objection?
The soldier throwing himself on a grenade to save the lives of his
comrades.
The surgeon who considers killing a healthy Sally to harvest organs for five
dying patients.
Correct!
Correct!
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Week 2 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A)
https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/70110/quizzes/249700
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The self-centered shepherd who keeps a magic ring to make himself
invisible.
The voluntary sacrifices of Martin Luther King, Jr. or Mahatma Ghandi. 1 / 1 pts
Question 13
What did John Stuart Mill believe about those who sacrifice their own
happiness for that of others?
They are mistaken since their own happiness should be their only aim. They represent an aspect of morality that utilitarianism cannot explain. They do the right thing but for the wrong reason since the happiness of
others isn’t important.
They demonstrate the utilitarian principle that the greatest happiness for
the greatest number should serve as the standard of our actions.
Correct!
Correct!
1 / 1 pts
Question 14
Suppose a society believes that throwing an innocent boy into a volcano
will keep the volcano from erupting—and therefore save hundreds of
lives. What variety of utilitarian thought does this action represent?
conventional utilitarianism
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Week 2 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A)
https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/70110/quizzes/249700
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egoist utilitarianism act utilitarianism Correct!
Correct!
rule utilitarianism 1 / 1 pts
Question 15
What is the BEST meaning of the term “the irreducible plurality of
values”?
There is never a right moral choice when there are multiple actions to
choose from.
Values are simply what the majority of people happen to prefer. Values cannot be reduced to measurable utility because there is no such
thing as pleasure or pain.
Some values, such as the value of human life or certain aesthetic goods,
cannot be reduced to measurable utility.
Correct!
Correct!
1 / 1 pts
Question 16
According to John Stuart Mill, utilitarianism takes into account the
happiness of
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everyone, and weights everyone’s happiness equally. Correct!
Correct!
the agent (actor) and those the agent cares about. everyone, but gives greater weight to those who are more intelligent. only the agent (actor). 1 / 1 pts
Question 17
If someone were to question the value of scientific research on utilitarian
grounds, which of the following would be the likeliest reason?
The results conflict with religious teachings. They believe the research process is too slow. They believe the research isn’t politically advantageous. The potential for the results to improve the world is not evident. Correct!
Correct!
1 / 1 pts
Question 18
Some utilitarians maintain that the standard of right action should be the
___¬________ consequences, not the __________ consequences
produced by an action.
worst; best legal; moral intended; actual Correct!
Correct!
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Week 2 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A)
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active; passive 1 / 1 pts
Question 19
Which of the following statements is a common misconception about
utilitarian philosophy?
Everyone deserves equal consideration. There may be good reasons for the majority to make sacrifices for the sake
of the minority.
The needs of the minorities always matter the most. The majority always rules. Correct!
Correct!
1 / 1 pts
Question 20
According to John Stuart Mill, what is the ultimate purpose of everything
we do?
to adhere to the rules of religion and society to gain pleasure and avoid pain Correct!
Correct!
to fulfill the role that society has given us to acquire as much wealth and power as possible
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Week 2 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A)
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Quiz Score: 20
out of 20
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