Week 3 - Quiz_ PHI208_ Ethics and Moral Reasoning

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8/18/2020 Week 3 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A) https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/70110/quizzes/249698 1/11 Week 3 - Quiz Due Aug 23 at 11:59pm Points 20 Questions 20 Time Limit 240 Minutes Allowed Attempts 3 Instructions Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 41 minutes 20 out of 20 Score for this attempt: 20 out of 20 Submitted Aug 18 at 4:16am This attempt took 41 minutes. [WLOs: 1, 2, 3] [CLOs: 1, 2, 4] Complete the quiz on the assigned readings for the week. The quiz contains 20 multiple-choice or true/false questions and is worth 5% of your course grade . You will have 4 hours to complete the quiz and it must be taken in one sitting. You have up to three attempts to complete this quiz, and the system will record the highest scor Click on the Take the Quiz button when you are ready to start this exam. When finished, click on Submit Quiz . Take the Quiz Again 1 / 1 pts Question 1 What is the primary reason for conducting Kant’s “universalization test”? to persuade others that our actions are morally justified

8/18/2020 Week 3 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A) https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/70110/quizzes/249698 2/11 to determine whether we are excepting ourselves from a policy we think everyone else should follow Correct! Correct! to see how well we can disguise our true intentions and motivations to avoid taking responsibility for our actions 1 / 1 pts Question 2 Ursula is a student of Kantian philosophy who argues that we should never use people as a means to an end unless we can do so safely without their knowledge. we are certain that doing so will lead to the greatest overall happiness. we are simultaneously respecting their rational autonomy. Correct! Correct! they are guilty of breaking civil or moral law. 1 / 1 pts Question 3 Immanuel Kant claims that the only thing that is moral without qualification is __________. self-fulfillment good results a good will Correct! Correct!

8/18/2020 Week 3 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A) https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/70110/quizzes/249698 3/11 a clear conscience 1 / 1 pts Question 4 According to Kant, suicide is moral if and only if one lives in a state or country where suicide is legal. immoral because it involves treating one’s autonomous will merely as a means to relieve suffering. Correct! Correct! moral if and only if one does not have family or friends who would be hurt by it. immoral because it condemns one to eternal damnation. 1 / 1 pts Question 5 What is the most accurate term for the rules and regulations expressed in the United Nations’ Declaration of Human Rights? conventional laws universal laws Correct! Correct! beneficent laws imposed laws

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8/18/2020 Week 3 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A) https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/70110/quizzes/249698 4/11 1 / 1 pts Question 6 Xavier, a retail store owner, wants to always act from duty. Knowing this, which of the following sentiments is Xavier MOST likely to express? “I keep my promises to my clientele because that’s what everyone should always do.” Correct! Correct! “I am honest with my customers because I want them to like me.” “I am honest with my customers because the eventual result will be more sales.” “I keep my agreements with my suppliers because then they will know I am a fair man.” 1 / 1 pts Question 7 Some people claim that all Americans have a fundamental right to health care. What would a deontological thinker add to that claim, if it were true? This right is independent of its potential benefit to society or what the laws happen to be. Correct! Correct! This right is moral only because it improves society as a whole.

8/18/2020 Week 3 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A) https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/70110/quizzes/249698 5/11 This right is moral if it is what the majority of people prefer. Whether one has this right depends on whether the government establishes it as a law. 1 / 1 pts Question 8 In 2012, sports fans were saddened and outraged to learn that cycling superstar Lance Armstrong had used illegal performance-enhancing drugs for years. A deontologist would say that his actions were wrong because they were in the interest of his country rather than in his own interest. rebelled against the rules and regulations to prove a moral point. implied that laws and rules applied differently to him than to other athletes. Correct! Correct! implied that building up his body and improving his finishing times was important. 1 / 1 pts Question 9 According to Kant, what is the PRIMARY moral problem with making a false promise? It treats the other person’s humanity as a mere means to an end. Correct! Correct!

8/18/2020 Week 3 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A) https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/70110/quizzes/249698 6/11 It causes harm to society. It causes harm to the other person. It causes harm to the agent (actor). 1 / 1 pts Question 10 According to Immanuel Kant, which of these is the LEAST important to moral action? moral law reason duty results Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 11 For Kant, the respect we owe people has to do primarily with their __________. authority age humanity Correct! Correct! capacity to contribute to society

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8/18/2020 Week 3 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A) https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/70110/quizzes/249698 7/11 1 / 1 pts Question 12 Which of the following scenarios indicates an autonomous decision? Greta helped her colleague move his desk because her boss asked her to. Greta helped her colleague move his desk because she was afraid of looking like a jerk otherwise. Greta helped her colleague move his desk because she knew that if she were in his position she would appreciate the help. Correct! Correct! Greta helped her colleague move his desk because she wanted an excuse to get out of a boring meeting. 1 / 1 pts Question 13 How would a deontologist respond to the fact that human rights advocates often peacefully protest or even break civil laws that they think are unjust? The advocates’ actions are moral because sometimes there are duties and moral laws higher than those prescribed by civil law. Correct! Correct! The advocates’ actions are immoral, but they do not know any better and cannot be held accountable for their ignorance.

8/18/2020 Week 3 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A) https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/70110/quizzes/249698 8/11 The advocates’ actions are immoral because the laws of a state or society are the ultimate standard. The advocates’ actions are moral because they make society as a whole better off. 1 / 1 pts Question 14 Kantian theory says that people have a __________ duty to cultivate their talents. negative positive Correct! Correct! relative hypothetical 1 / 1 pts Question 15 An action’s maxim is best understood as the expected overall utility of taking that action. policy or principle you would be following if you took that action. Correct! Correct! unconscious biological cause of that action.

8/18/2020 Week 3 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A) https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/70110/quizzes/249698 9/11 theory of what the consequences of that action will be. 1 / 1 pts Question 16 The duty to always treat humanity as an end-in-itself and never as a mere means is a(n) __________. useful standard hypothetical imperative categorical imperative Correct! Correct! imperfect duty 1 / 1 pts Question 17 What is one way Lilly can determine if her actions respect her friends as ends-in-themselves? Lilly threatens her friends to get them to accept her actions. Lilly ensures that her friends understand her reasons for acting and willingly accept them. Correct! Correct! Lilly treats her friends well only when she thinks she can get something back in return.

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8/18/2020 Week 3 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A) https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/70110/quizzes/249698 10/11 Lilly does whatever it takes to benefit them, even if it involves lying to or manipulating them. 1 / 1 pts Question 18 According to Kant, respect for a person should be dependent upon the person’s potential contribution to society. dependent upon whether the person respects others. sometimes sacrificed for the greater good. always part of the end or purpose of one’s choices. Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 19 In Rwanda, a farmer is hiding a group of persecuted Tutsis from a Hutu military commander. The farmer believes that he has to always tell the truth, and that this is a categorical imperative. If the Hutu commander asks if he has any hidden Tutsis, and he tells the truth, who is to blame for the Tutsis’ capture according to Kantian theory? the farmer, because saving lives is more important than respecting duty. the Tutsis who are hiding because it was unethical of them to take advantage of the farmer

8/18/2020 Week 3 - Quiz: PHI208: Ethics and Moral Reasoning (ACQ2032A) https://ashford.instructure.com/courses/70110/quizzes/249698 11/11 the Rwandans who started the war that led to these circumstances the Hutu commander, because only he is responsible for his own decisions Correct! Correct! 1 / 1 pts Question 20 Which of the following is a Kantian approach to helping a family in need? “I should only help them if it benefits me as well.” “I should do everything I can to help them, even if it means violating a moral duty.” “I should sympathize with them but recognize that the world is better off if we look out for our own interests.” “I should recognize that I would never want a world where people did not help each other, and thus help them the best I can.” Correct! Correct! Quiz Score: 20 out of 20

Week 3 - Quiz_ PHI208_ Ethics and Moral Reasoning

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