34. Availability Bias (121) This bias leads us to base a conclusion on evidence not because it is good evidence but simply because it is easily available, when a broader search for information would probably lead to a different conclusion. 35. Negativity Bias (120-121) o Or negative information bias is the unconscious tendency to attach much greater weight to negative information than an objective look at the evidence would justify. 36. False Consensus (122) o the unconscious tendency to think that our own beliefs and attitudes, and those of our friends, are representative of the larger society, without checking to see if the correspondence is real. 37. Externalize It (123) o Having an unconscious tendency to externalize responsibility whenever we make a mistake, Playing the blame game. Exercise 4.3, p. 132 True or False? 38. Cognitive biases are philosophical obstacles to critical thinking False 39. Only mentally ill people have cognitive biases False 40. Everyone has at least some cognitive biases. True CHAPTER 5 PHILOSOPHICAL OBSTACLES TO CRITICAL THINKING - RELATIVISM PHIL109 FALL 2023 STUDY GUIDE 6 41. “Man is the measure of all things
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” Whose quote is this? Protagoras 42. What is alethic relativism! o the claim that ALL truth, in ALL subjects, is relative 43. What is ‘global alethic relativism? All truth claims about all subject matters are true. 44. What are the logical implications of alethic relativism? Nobody can err. There is no objective basis for one of us to say that the other person is mistaken Everyone is right; nobody is ever wrong, about anything TRUE (T) OR FALSE (F) ? 45. Alethic relativism is a psychological obstacle to critical thinking. True or False? False
