Week 5 Comprehensive Quiz on Critical Thinking Concepts

Skip To Content ions Week 5 Quiz [WLO: 1] [CLOs: 1, 2, 3] Prior to taking this quiz, read Chapter 9 in your textbook With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Updated ed.). The University of Arizona Global Campus and review the video The Value Of Critical Thinking In Daily Life Links to an external site. . This quiz is comprehensive, meaning that it covers material from the entire course (including this week’s reading), so make sure to review all relevant material prior to beginning the quiz. The quiz contains 20 multiple-choice

questions and is worth 10% of your course grade. You will have three hours to complete the quiz, and it must be taken in one sitting. You are only allowed one attempt at this final quiz. Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 18 minutes 15.5 out of 20 Correct answers are hidden. Score for this quiz: 15.5 out of 20 Submitted Mar 24 at 4:27pm This attempt took 18 minutes. Question 1 1 / 1 pts An argument is cogent if, and only if, _____________ it is valid and all its premises are true. it commits no fallacies. it has all true premises. its reasoning is strong and all its premises are true. The answer can be found in Section 5.1, “Basic Concepts in Inductive Reasoning,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Incorrect Question 2 0 / 1 pts Which of these is true about sound arguments? A sound argument always has true premises. A sound argument with false premises can have a true conclusion.

A sound argument may or may not be valid. A sound argument can have a false conclusion. The answer can be found in Section 3.1, “Basic Concepts in Deductive Reasoning,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Question 3 1 / 1 pts When it comes to inferences to the best explanation, the conclusion of the argument _________ attempts to provide the most likely explanation of the observation mentioned in the premises. creates a valid deductive argument. states the effect of the cause mentioned in the premises. never creates a very strong argument. The answer can be found in Section 6.5, “Inference to the Best Explanation,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Incorrect Question 4 0 / 1 pts Frogs are amphibians. All amphibians lay their eggs in water. So, frogs lay their eggs in water. True or False: The statement, “Frogs are amphibians,” is a premise in this argument. True

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False The answer can be found in Section 2.2, “Extracting Arguments in the Standard Form,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Question 5 1 / 1 pts When disagreeing with a premise, __________. one should point to the outcomes of the conclusion. one should have reasons in place to demonstrate the premise is not sufficiently likely to be true. one should attack premises that are not important to the argument. one should point out the failings of its author. The answer can be found in Section 9.4, “Confronting Disagreement by Seeking Truth,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Question 6 1 / 1 pts Suppose that the premises of an argument are: “All dogs are green” and “No green things are tall.” Which of these conclusions makes the argument valid? “All dogs are tall.” “No dogs are tall.” “Dogs are mammals.” “All tall things are dogs.”

None of these The answer can be found in Section 3.1, “Basic Concepts in Deductive Reasoning,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Incorrect Question 7 0 / 1 pts How should one ethically engage in verbal argumentation? Maintain a focus on demonstrating the other person is wrong. Maintain a focus on the argument when analyzing what people are saying. Try to win at all costs. Stick to one’s position even if the evidence better supports the opposing position. The answer can be found in Section 9.4, “Confronting Disagreement by Seeking Truth,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Partial Question 8 0.5 / 1 pts What fallacy is committed by the following reasoning? “This band is the best; everybody says so.” Appeal to popular opinion Appeal to pity Begging the question Straw man No fallacy

The answer can be found in Section 7.1, “Fallacies of Relevance,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Question 9 1 / 1 pts Suppose that the premises of an argument are: “All magpies are birds. Johnny is a magpie.” Which of these conclusions makes the argument valid? “A human can be a bird.” “A human cannot be a bird.” “Johnny is not a human.” “Johnny is a bird.” None of these The answer can be found in Section 3.1, “Basic Concepts in Deductive Reasoning,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Question 10 1 / 1 pts The principle of charity in logic is __________. the idea that we should interpret the argument or objection in the strongest way possible. the idea that one should give to the poor. the idea that we only see the good in arguments that align with our beliefs.

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the idea that one should change one’s mind when presented with contrary evidence. The answer can be found in Section 9.4, “Confronting Disagreement by Seeking Truth,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Question 11 1 / 1 pts Is the following argument valid or invalid? “All dogs are green. Rover is green. So Rover is a dog.” Valid Invalid Impossible to tell The answer can be found in Section 3.2, “Evaluating Deductive Arguments,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Question 12 1 / 1 pts What fallacy is committed by the following reasoning? “I ate a grapefruit, then it snowed. Therefore, I am going to eat a grapefruit next time I want it to snow.” Equivocation Fallacy of accident False cause Straw man

No fallacy The answer can be found in Section 7.1, “Fallacies of Support,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Question 13 1 / 1 pts Inference to the best explanation ___________________ infers that something is (probably) true because it provides the best explanation of the observation(s). infers that the hypothesis is (probably) false because its deduced consequence failed. is a valid deductive argument form. reasons from the specific to the general. The answer can be found in Section 6.5, “Inference to the Best Explanation,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Question 14 1 / 1 pts If you eat all that candy, then you will get sick. If you get sick, then you won’t be able to go to the dance. If you don’t go to the dance, you won’t be able to dance with Hilary. If you don’t get to dance with Hilary, then you will be miserable. So, you shouldn’t eat it. Which of the following is the conclusion of this argument? Hilary hates candy. You shouldn’t go to the dance. You shouldn’t eat all that candy.

Misery is bad. The answer can be found in Section 2.2, “Extracting Arguments in the Standard Form,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Incorrect Question 15 0 / 1 pts What type of argument is the following? “The last pickle I ate from that jar was terrible, so the next one probably will be too.” Statistical syllogism Appeal to authority Inductive generalization Argument from analogy The answer can be found in Section 5.7, “Arguments from Analogy,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Question 16 1 / 1 pts The statement, “Cats are a billion times better than dogs,” uses which rhetorical device? Euphemism Weasel words Proof surrogate

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Innuendo Hyperbole The answer can be found in Section 8.2, “Obstacles to Critical Thinking: Rhetorical Devices,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Question 17 1 / 1 pts In the hypothetico-deductive method, what can you infer if the deduced consequence of the hypothesis does not occur? Reject the hypothesis (if the inference from the hypothesis to the consequence is valid). Accept the hypothesis. Choose a different consequence to test. Redo the experiment. Ignore those results. The answer can be found in Section 6.4, “Reasoning About Science: The Hypothetico-Deductive Method,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Question 18 1 / 1 pts Is the following argument valid or invalid? “If you are under four feet tall, you cannot go on the roller coaster. You are under four feet tall. So you cannot go on the roller coaster.” Valid

Invalid Impossible to tell The answer can be found in Section 3.2, “Evaluating Deductive Arguments,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Question 19 1 / 1 pts The principle of accuracy in logic is __________. the idea that scientific experiments need measures to ensure they produce good data. the idea that one should state the strongest argument no matter the position. the idea that we should prefer arguments that align with our beliefs. the idea that one should interpret the argument in line with the way the author would state it. The answer can be found in Section 9.4, “Confronting Disagreement by Seeking Truth,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Question 20 1 / 1 pts Is the following argument valid or invalid? “No snakes eat vegetables. Cobras are snakes. So cobras do not eat vegetables.” Valid Invalid Impossible to tell

The answer can be found in Section 3.2, “Evaluating Deductive Arguments,” of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking . Quiz Score: 15.5 out of 20 Submission Details:

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