PHIL 1320 Exam 1
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Texas State University *
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1320
Subject
Philosophy
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
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2
Uploaded by knausecaleb
(1) What is Divine Command Theory? What is Plato’s Euthyphro Dilemma? Explain the problem that the Euthyphro Dilemma raises for Divine Command Theory?
- Divine Command Theory is the theory that moral truths are determined by God’s command. - Plato’s Euthyphro Dilemma questions if an action is morally right because God commands it to be so or does God command it to be so BECAUSE is it morally right?
(truth recognition vs. truth making) (2) How are moral obligations different from legal obligations? Use an example in your explanation of the difference. - Moral obligations are rooted in personal or societal values, are not legally enforceable, and can vary widely between individuals and cultures. Legal obligations, on the other hand, are codified in laws, enforced by authorities, and apply uniformly within a legal jurisdiction. A good example of this is jaywalking. Legally, it is not correct, but there is nothing wrong with jaywalking from a moral obligation point of view.
(3) What is the Principle of Impartiality? Does this principle imply that everyone should be treated exactly the same in every situation? Explain your answer. - The Principle of Impartiality is the idea that from the moral point of view, all persons are considered equal and should be treated accordingly. No, this does not imply everyone should be treated equally in EVERY situation. The principle only applies “morally,” meaning its exclusionary to anything outside of the moral spectrum.
(4) Explain the difference between Moral Objectivism and Moral Relativism. What is the difference between Cultural Relativism and Subjective Relativism? If Cultural Relativism is true,
why is moral progress impossible? - Moral Objectivism is the theory that morals truths exists independently of what individuals or societies think of them. While Moral Relativism is the theory that argues that morality is subjective and is solely dependent on individual beliefs, cultural norms, or society. - Cultural Relativism is a form of Moral Relativism that asserts that moral values are determined by the culture in which an individual is raised in or is a part of. While Subjective Relativism is the theory that morality is entirely subjective on what a individual’s personal beliefs and opinions.
- Moral Progress is impossible because there are no standards for morals in this context, meaning that there is no objective standard in this case and nothing to compare it to since it is dependent on what the culture believes to be true.
(5) What is the difference between a sound argument and a cogent argument? Can a valid argument have a false premise? Why or why not? Give an example of a valid moral argument that isn’t sound. -
A sound argument is a valid argument that has true premises, meaning the argument proves the conclusion. It is proved through deductive reasoning. A cogent argument is proved through inductive reasoning and uses “probable logic” to support its conclusion. A valid argument CAN have a false premise. This is because valid arguments can be unsound, but not invalid. A valid moral argument that isn’t sound could be that 1. Killing another human being is always morally wrong 2. Capital Punishment involves killing a human being 3. Therefore, capital punishment is always morally wrong.
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