Exam 2 204
docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Pennsylvania State University *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
204
Subject
Philosophy
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
4
Uploaded by clarkjulian26
CAS 204, Exam 2, 1
Name _____________________________________________
________/85
1.
How would you operationalize “happiness” for a quantitative study? Give examples. (3 pts)
Since you would not be able to measure happiness in itself, you can try and measure the things directly related to happiness and try and find a relation between the two. For example, you could ask about how much leisure time that person has, or how many friends that person may have to try and get a better idea of how happy a person is. 2.
The term ____derivative_______________________ means that I have two known points and that those two known points help me locate a third unknown point. (3 pts) 3.
The terms “Strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree” are usually found on a _____Likert______________ Scale where the participants are asked to rate a statements such as: “I enjoy learning.” (3 pts) 4.
Create two examples of a Semantic Differential Scale for the following term: “Politicians.” (5 pts)
Honest _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Dishonest
Selfish _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Selfless
5.
Define the difference between self-reporting and other-reporting. What are the pros and cons of self-reporting? (5 pts)
Self-reporting is when a person who is being studied answers the questions. Other-reporting works when other people are asked to describe a person being studied. A pro of self-reporting
CAS 204, Exam 2, 2
would be that you are getting direct information, while a con would be that some people could exaggerate.
6.
Label the following questions are either closed-ended or open-ended. (2 pts each)
____closed-ended____________ How many times a day do you brush your teeth?
_____open-ended___________ What is the difference between Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton?
____closed-ended____________ Did you vote for Donald Trump?
7.
__(Circle Correct Answer)___
interviews provide the interviewer with a list of topics to discuss with the participant, but there are no specific questions to ask. (3 pts)
a.
Directive
b.
Structured
c.
Unstructured
d.
Nondirective
e.
Semistructured
8.
Circle the correct word: A study that has ( internal / external )
validity is generalizable to those outside the study. (3 pts)
9.
A study can predict behavior 80% of the time. “80%” is referred to as the _____reliability___________________ coefficient. (3 pts)
10. The Nielson TV study put people in a laboratory to study their television habits. However, because people knew they were being studied, they may have changed their behavior. This is called the _____Hawthorne_________________ Effect. (3 pts)
CAS 204, Exam 2, 3
11. Explain how a researcher can go about obtaining a “simple random sample” of participants. (10 pts)
A researcher could obtain a simple random simple by giving everyone a number and drawing from a hat. If someone did not participate, stay in order until you get enough people.
12. List the three main areas of activities that college professors perform as part of their job. (3 pts)
Teaching, Research and Service. 13. Discuss the pros and cons of tenure. (5 pts)
Some pros of tenure ensures teachers that they will not get fired for speaking about controversial or subjective topics within the classroom. A very big con that is seen is that once some researchers or teachers reach tenure, they stop conducting research or publishing.
14. Why is it important for faculty and students to have academic freedom? (5 pts)
It is important for faculty and students to have complete academic freedom for many reasons. The main reason why it is important for faculty members is because most of the time, those professors are experts in that subject. The professors should be able to research their subject of expertise without anything stopping them.
15. What does the Institutional Review Board do? (5 pts)
In institutional Review Board is a committee at a university that looks over and reviews your research and research methods before a study can take place.
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
CAS 204, Exam 2, 4
16. What is the difference between anonymity and confidentiality? (5 pts)
Anonymity is when the researcher cannot determine what the participant said. Confidentiality is when the researcher knows who said what but refuses to tell anyone.
17. Briefly summarize the work of Aaron Swartz and how his work illustrates the complicated relationship between proprietary and scholarly research? (5 pts)
Aaron Swartz was known as a computer wiz kid and attended college at a very young age. Aaron
was a fellow at Harvard at age 24, and a very well-known figure in the research business during the rise of social media. Swartz believed in public access to everything and has been rumored to have some form of relation with WikiLeaks, but not confirmed. Swartz was arrested in 2011 for connecting all of the computers of MIT to an outside network to download the well-known database JSTOR. Committed suicide on Jan 11, 2013.
18. Who is Pygmalion in Greek mythology? What is the Pygmalion Effect? (5 pts)
Pygmalion was a sculpture in Greek mythology. It is said that Pygmalion created a sculpture who
would later on become his own lover, creating what it is that he wanted. The Pygmalion effect is that participants react in a way they think the researcher wants them to react. 19. What is the “Sleeper Effect?” How might the “Sleeper Effect” give you inaccurate results
in a study? (5 pts)
The Sleeper effect is when communication is trying to persuade you over time and not immediately. For example, the Sleeper Effect is present is most political ads seen on TV or online, but showing the opposing candidate funded that advertisement. This could give you inaccurate results in a study for many reason