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Philosophy
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Dec 6, 2023
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Uploaded by PresidentExplorationCheetah16
How do we know what is truly right or wrong? Our textbook explains that moral philosophies are specific
to the individual, and they are often used to “determine how conflicts in human interests are to be
settled and for optimizing mutual benefit of people living together in groups” (Farrell, Fraedrich, & Farrell
2017, ch. 6).
Field explains in his article that to understand human moral consciousness, there are five characteristics
that need to be understood. These include, but are not limited to, intentionality, communicable norms,
self-conscious awareness and evaluation, responsible decision-making, and the development of genuine
altruism (Field, 2017, para 16). He goes on to explain that the moral codes of a given society guide the
conduct of individuals through norms and rules, and this results in awareness of these actions not being
interpreted as right or wrong, good or evil regardless of the consequences (Field, 2017, para 18-19).
In addition, Jakub explains the expectations between societal norms and how it influences individual
behavior stating, that because a “norm” exists does not mean it leads to compliance- “it is what we
expect others to do, and what we believe ithers think we ought to do” (Jakub, 2020, pg. 136, para. 2).
Finally, it is of my best opinion that the concept of right and wrong, good and evil should be founded in
biblical teachings. A list of things that are considered evil in the eyes of God are explained in Mark 7:21-
23, which is evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders, Thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit,
lasciviousness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, and foolishness”. All of these things are natural to our flesh,
but these things are what make us corrupt. We must look to the word for truth. John 8:31 says, “Then
Jesus said to those Jews who believed Him, ‘If you abide in My word, you are My disciples indeed. And
you shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free’." It is important to know what the truth is,
and the truth is found in the bible. We are to also test the spirits around us- in 1
st
John, we are warned
not to believe every spirit, but test them to see whether they are of God (1
st
John 4:1, ESV). Finally,
Ecclesiastes 12:14 says that “For God shall bring every work into judgment, with every secret thing,
whether it be good, or whether it be evil”.
Sources:
Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2017). Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases (11th
ed.). Cengage Learning.
Field, D. N. (2017). But could they tell right from wrong? Evolution, moral responsibility and human
distinctiveness. ProQuest.
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1919467230?parentSessionId=F4zB
%2FWTJiz1sMeTszKk0tcahRA%2B6myn7sOtx%2BoZK21g%3D&pq-origsite=summon&accountid=12085
Jakub, T. (2020, March). How do social norms and expectations about others influence individual
behavior? ProQuest.
https://www-proquest-com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/docview/2358230183?pq-
origsite=summon
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