PHI 360 Business Ethics First Exam Spring 202O FINAL
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PHI 360 Business Ethics Spring 2020 Final Exam 120 points
ALAYNA MACDONALD
Your submission of this exam equals your promise to having taken it alone, and that you did not use the Internet. Short Answer:
What are the five stages of informed consent as presented in Collins-
Chobanian’s Environmental labels? (5 points)
The five stages of Collins-Chobanian’s Environmental labels are as followed:
The first is that all known information about the product is disclosed, this is including risks from the product to both the user and the environment. The second is the information disclosed must be understood. The information must be accessible and comprehensible for the consumer. The third is that the consumer must be competent to make the decision. An example being children are not considered competent to make the decision of whether or not to smoke tobacco. The fourth is that the decision mist be voluntary and not coerced in any way. The fifth is that the person must go through the action of giving consent. For a product this consent would be purchasing the product. ( I got these from the Consumption notes and wrote them) What are the Environmental Rights that Collins-Chobanian argues for, and for what are they prerequisites? (10 points)
The Environmental Rights hat Collins-Chobanion argues for is the basic needs for life including clean air, clean water and clean soil. The prerequisites are the right to life and all other human rights. What is carrying capacity? Has Phoenix exceeded its carrying capacity? Explain why or why not. (5 points)
Carrying Capacity is the amount of life that an ecosystem can support, long-term. Phoenix has reached carrying capacity because of how compact it is. Major crops
are outside of the Phoenix city limits. There is no longer room for people within the city of Phoenix which pushes people to flood out of Phoenix to towns surrounding it because they can not find anywhere within Phoenix. What are three characteristics Korten lists for each a living economy and a suicide economy? What do you think the most important thing in a suicide economy that should be stopped? What do you think the most important thing in a living economy that should be mandated? (20 points)
Three characteristics for a suicide economy are absentee ownership, monopoly and the concentration of power delinked from obligation to people or place. Three characteristics for a living economy are meeting the basic needs for people,
decisions are made by those who will bear the consequences and each community exchanges resources which produces in surplus for those it cannot reasonably produce at home on terms that support living age jobs and high environmental standards everywhere. I believe that the most important thing in a
suicide economy we need to stop is concentration of power. Rather then putting majority of our focus on power we need to put our focus on the people and giving
them the basic needs that a living economy does. The most important thing in a living economy that I believe should be mandated is basic needs for people. There
are to many people in the community that do not have the basic needs that they need to survive. This should be mandated to allow for the push of basic needs. Why does your professor argue for calling “GMOs” Transgenic Agricultural Biotechnology (TAB)? (5 points) The reason that the professor argues calling for calling “GMOs” Transgenic Agricultural Biotechnology (TAB) is because humans have been genetically modifying crops since agriculture began. TAB is the forced crossing of two or more different species which has only mean going on for a few decades. What did you find to be the most important part of The Story of Stuff
? (5 points)
What I found the most important part of The Story of Stuff
is that if we just stopped burning trash we would no longer be creating the advanced toxin called Dioxin. This toxin that is being created is more powerful then the toxins that were
being produced in production and they are harming humans more due to their mutation. I think it’s important to be aware of this Dioxin and how to help prevent it. What was the most important aspect of this class to you
? Explain why. Provide the topic, the reading, and the related film (if applicable). NOTE: This is an opinion question that you cannot “get wrong” if you answer the questions. (10 points)
What I thought was interesting that we learned was THE UNITED NATIONS DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS reading. This reading talked about all the different rights that we as humans have. One of my favorites was Article 25 because it gives everyone the right to standard of living for them and their family. It also give mothers and children special care and assistance. True/False, 3 points each
1.
Leopold and Singer argue for extending ethics to non-human entities.
TRUE
2.
Seed-saving is a sustainable way to address hunger. TRUE
3.
A Utilitarian holds intellectual enlightenment as the highest value.
FALSE
4.
A Kantian is primarily concerned with the consequences of an action.
FALSE
5.
Singer requires factual equality for animals. TRUE
6.
Leopold’s land pyramid places humans at the top. TRUE
7.
In Genetic Roulette they argued that consuming food produced by Monsanto’s Roundup causes gut problems, and inflammation. TRUE
8.
Claxton argues for internal means of engaging and changing the trap. TRUE
9.
Galbraith was tasked to look into national security regarding resources Americans consume. TRUE
10.Galbraith argues that our basic liberties should include the right to consume what we want. FALSE
11.Collins-Chobanian argued that environmental labels should focus on environmental benefits.
TRUE
12.Heinberg is a transgenic agricultural biotechnology proponent. TRUE
13.Transgenic agricultural biotechnology causes temporary genetic contamination. FALSE
14.Martha Crouch argued for a return to classic pesticide farming. FALSE
15.Pena argues that capitalism can be sustainable. FALSE
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16.Bok argues that there is a duty to blow the whistle.
FALSE
17.Bok argues that the safest route to blow the whistle is as an employee. TRUE
18.Factory farming has no significant externalities.
FALSE
19.The whistleblowers that Alford studied were first and foremost concerned for themselves. FALSE
20.Claiming to be providing food for the hungry while forbidding seed-saving are inherently incompatible and contradictory. TRUE