Matrices 1:21

EDLC 504 P HILOSOPHY M ATRICES T EMPLATE (The names beside each philosophy are just for reference to help you connect the philosophy with specific philosophers.) Traditional Philosophies IDEALISM (Plato) Type to enter text Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology Learner’s Nature Teacher’s Role Curricular Focus Methodology Criticisms Page 1 of 7

EDLC 504 The existence of an ideal, hence unchanging, world of perfect ideas. What is real? Theory of knowledge. Focuses on the concept of reminiscence or recollection by which humans recall the truths. Value theory. What is good and what is right. Moral behavior and beauty Learner strives for perfection. Examine their ideas. Strive to be more absolute. Focus on the good! Constant model. Mature embodiment of the cultures highest values. Embody values. Pass knowledge on to students Curriculum that encompasses liberal arts and humanities. Will bring students into contact with ideas. How the students are brought into the lesson. Written or spoken words. Teacher giving learners knowledge Too Abstract and altruistic for today’s realities. REALISM (Aristotle) Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology Learner’s Nature Teacher’s Role Curricular Focus Methodology Criticisms Reality is objective. Knowing is based on abstraction and sensation Prizing rationality as the human being’s distinguishing characteristic and defining power. Human right to selfdetermination . Seeking to grow in maturity. Controlling their feeling, desires, and perform duties Aid students in forming intellectual virtues. Pass on knowledge. Should teach in both liberal arts and sciences Organized as skills, activities, and subject that are taught in relation to the students readiness and stage of development Teacher is an expert of the subject. Provides the student with the body of knowledge possessed. Various methods should be used for teaching Some say it places to much on rote learning and memorization. May neglect the important values and ethics of knowledge. Too much on individual and not enough on society Page 2 of 7

EDLC 504 learning through experiments. Always evolving and changing environment. Use ideas as a way to solve problems Problem solving is a preferred method. levels. History, geography, and sciences. problem solve and test their theories problems. EXISTENTIALISM (Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger, etc.) Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology Learner’s Nature Teacher’s Role Curricular Focus Methodology Criticisms Everybody is different and education should change to meet the individuals needs Knowledge is up in the air and is up to the individual. Based on your own perspective of your reality Truth depends on each individual and the value they give through their personal choice. Students should be active in learning and figure out their own meaning and purpose in life Give different ways for students to explore who they are. Help them be aware. Use questions to help them make their Traditional. Math, History, Science, Literature, and Foreign Language. Gives students the freedom of choosing Groups setting. Put the class into small groups. Focus on the individualit y of the students. Can be seen as self centered. Puts individual needs over societal needs own choices Contemporary Educational Theories for Transmission PERENNIALISM (Adler, Hutchins, William Bennett, Allan Bloom, etc.) Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology Learner’s Nature Teacher’s Role Curricular Focus Methodology Criticisms Page 4 of 7

EDLC 504 Truth is found in freedom. Focuses on humans and their cultures Learners can study reality. Reality is spiritual. Answers are found with faith Develops sensible thinking. Uses science and liberal arts. Can be applied to life experiences Need to be developed rationally and intellectually. Higher studies and social life Give knowledge. Uses Great Book. Have deep discussions to understand the meaning of the book . Seen as authority figure Ideas that have lasted over centuries. Learn from reading and analyzing work done by the finest thinkers and writers. Liberal arts and sciences. Teach students to think rationally and help them develop their minds to think critically. Knowledge is passed down from generations Exclude other cultural perspectives and contributions. Limits students understanding of a diverse world. Thinks perennialists are going backwards ESSENTIALISM (E.D. Hirsch) Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology Learner’s Nature Teacher’s Role Curricular Focus Methodology Criticisms Anything has an internal essence. Teachers should embed traditional moral values. What is relevant Uses the past to determine skills and subjects that have benefited humans Moral and ethical ideals should be instilled in humans through education. Master a set body of information and basic skills that are age appropriate before moving up Teacher oriented. Teachers should be moral and intellectual role models. Transmit knowledge to students Basic skills and subjects . Forming ethical and moral values. Math, natural science, and history Use basic skills in the school curriculum Since it is largely teacher oriented the role of the students is questioned. Some say it leads to sterotyping. BEHAVIORISM (Skinner) Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology Learner’s Nature Teacher’s Role Curricular Focus Methodology Criticisms Behavior is Seeing Reason is Each learner is Condition No specific Reward Some say there Page 5 of 7

EDLC 504 applied concepts from critical theory (Kincheloe, 1997). The truth is based off what society says it is through media place agentic. Have the power to control their own destiny that allow students to self- direct their education social critique and political action students to think critically and question information they are given spent on social development. CONSTRUCTIVISM (Piaget, Vygotsky, Constance Kamii, etc.) This section might be a bit more challenging than the ones above. You are encouraged to supplement the textbook information with internet searches on the topic. Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology Learner’s Nature Teacher’s Role Curricular Focus Methodology Criticisms Knowledge can only exist in the human mind What is known cannot be the result of the passive acquisition of knowledge Social inquiry is a value bound activity since reality is mind dependent. Knowledge is subjective Responsible for their own learning. They can control what they learn Coach, prompt, mediate, and help students develop their understanding. Pre-test. Assign activities that will challenge students Student questions and interests. Relating new concepts to the individual. Increase comprehension of new information Learners construct knowledge rather than just passively take in information Lacks clear instructional strategies for teachers to follow Page 7 of 7