Annotated Bibliography

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1 Annotated Bibliography Anthony Sherfield SSGS300 Dr. Sean Grier 26 March 23

2 Annotated Bibliography Miller, L. (2020). James Cone’s Constructive Vision of Sin and the Black Lives Matter Movement. Black Theology , 18(1), 4-22. In the article by Miller (2020), the author delves on the negative criticism directed at those in opposition of “The Black Lives Matter” (BLM) movement. The author reveals that this persistent opposition to the movement emanates from individuals and groups that shift the issue from inequality within the structural and societal setup towards individual responsibility. Miller (2020) employs Black liberation theology (BLT) to help understand the movement’s opposition. BLT is built on the notion that the notion knowledge is primarily derived on lived experience, and that an individual’s theology can and should always be informed by their lived experiences in the world. The article is important for the current study because it helps in debunking the potential cause of flawed rejection of the movement, specifically by White, conservative Christian communities, thus strengthening the claim of mistreatment by Blacks by law enforcers. Credibility and reliability of the article is ascertained because it is peer-reviewed. Pierce, A. J. (2020). Whose lives matter? The Black Lives Matter movement and the contested legacy of philosophical humanism. Journal of Social Philosophy , 51(2), 261-282. In Pierce’s (2020) article, the author evaluates the issue of extrajudicial killings that have culminated to the emergence of the BLM movement, which has not only garnered national but also international recognition. Other than accepting the persistent dehumanization of Blacks, the author discusses the emergence of an alternative slogan “all lives matter”. To demonstrate the differences between the two slogans, the author reflects on the philosophical humanism history, and specifically on the rational humanism that emerged in the Enlightenment era in Europe.

3 Pierce (2020) finds out that in the same way “all lives matter” critics accuse the slogan of presenting false universalism, which conceals people of color domination, critics of this together with other types of European humanism noted the manner in which, despite its notion of universality, it served in concealing the dehumanization and exclusion on non-Europeans. The article is important for the current study because it portrays the nature in which opponents of the BLM movement tend to shift society from understanding the real issue. Being peer-reviewed and up-to-date, the article is credible and reliable for use in academic research. Updegrove, A. H., Cooper, M. N., Orrick, E. A., & Piquero, A. R. (2020). Red states and Black lives: Applying the racial threat hypothesis to the Black Lives Matter movement. Justice Quarterly , 37(1), 85-108. Unlike the previously evaluated articles, the article by Updegrove et al. (2020) is based on a field research across the United States (U.S.) to ascertain public’s support on the BLM movement, specifically owing to the claim that people of color (mostly Blacks) are victims of police brutality, which at times culminate to even death. The study relies on a nationally representative sample of 2,114 participants drawn from 33 states together with the District of Columbia to ascertain state-and personal-level predictors of BLM opposition. From the study findings, it was established that Republican, conservative, and older men were highly likely to oppose BLM; whereas, Blacks and persons who perceive their local law enforcers to exhibit racial biases against African Americans are less likely to oppose BLM. The article is important for the current study because it reveals potential causes of differences among Americans on police misconduct. Reliability and credibility of the article is ascertained because it is peer- reviewed.

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4 Wilkins, D. J., Livingstone, A. G., & Levine, M. (2019). Whose tweets? The rhetorical functions of social media use in developing the Black Lives Matter movement. British Journal of Social Psychology , 58(4), 786-805. Digitization has impacted all aspects of life, including social movements, which is the basis of the article by Wilkins et al. (2019) when addressing the issue of BLM movement. Different from the previously evaluated articles, the current source focuses on how Twitter, a social media tool, is utilized in advocating the calls for the movement. The authors demonstrate the manner activists during the BLM movement campaigns used Twitter to balance competing aims for social change, like expanding the movement beyond disadvantaged-group members. From the study findings, it was established that despite Twitter users promoting varied and often competing definitions regarding the concerns represented by the movement, focus on racism is enhanced using rhetorical strategies. Importance of the article in the current study emanates from its ability to reinforce racism as the driver for police brutality, which has fuelled movements for social change like the BLM. The article is peer-reviewed and thus reliable and credible for use in the current academic research. Vaughan, A. G. (2021). Phenomenology of the trickster archetype, US electoral politics and the Black Lives Matter movement. Journal of Analytical Psychology , 66(3), 695-718. Vaughan (2021) explores the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement in connection to past movements for social change in the U.S. Historical, relational, and cultural contexts at the U.S. Civil Rights Movement intersection, Civil Rights legislation, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 are some of the notable issues evaluated in connection to the BLM movement. Vaughan argues that the BLM movement has been mischaracterized as an affront to law and order in the quest to

5 create fear among the whites. This was especially during the Trump administration to win political mileage, while at the same time defending police brutality as well as systemic racism. The article is important to the current study because it connects the BLM movement to historical occurrences in the U.S., which justifies the claims by the movement about police brutality against the Blacks as true, owing to deep-rooted systemic racism. The article is peer-reviewed and thus good for use in academic research.

6 References Miller, L. (2020). James Cone’s Constructive Vision of Sin and the Black Lives Matter Movement. Black Theology , 18(1), 4-22. Pierce, A. J. (2020). Whose lives matter? The Black Lives Matter movement and the contested legacy of philosophical humanism. Journal of Social Philosophy , 51(2), 261-282. Updegrove, A. H., Cooper, M. N., Orrick, E. A., & Piquero, A. R. (2020). Red states and Black lives: Applying the racial threat hypothesis to the Black Lives Matter movement. Justice Quarterly , 37(1), 85-108. Wilkins, D. J., Livingstone, A. G., & Levine, M. (2019). Whose tweets? The rhetorical functions of social media use in developing the Black Lives Matter movement. British Journal of Social Psychology , 58(4), 786-805. Vaughan, A. G. (2021). Phenomenology of the trickster archetype, US electoral politics and the Black Lives Matter movement. Journal of Analytical Psychology , 66(3), 695-718.

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Annotated Bibliography

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