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APPLYING UTILITARIANISM Step 1: o Identify: - Possible alternative actions/options - Stakeholders affected by these alternatives Step 2: o For each alternative, determine the impact (benefits and costs) on each stakeholder party. o Consider direct and indirect, immediate and future impacts, marginal utility tep 3: o Select the option that leads to the greatest benefits over costs for all affected Step 4: o Then, go a step further and ask, “what would happen if the action alternative selected were to become a policy for all similar situation.” Would you still select the same action as in Step 3? Step 5: o If the same action is selected in Steps 3 and 4, then this is the ethical action. o If different actions are selected, then reconsider whether the alternative selected will produce the greatest good and the least harm, for all affected, over the long term