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1 Job Description as A Future International Rehabilitation Psychologist. Name Institutional Affiliation Course Professor Date

2 Abstract The requirements of people with mental health disabilities (MHD) and the role of a future international rehabilitation psychologist are vital. The conceptual model of mental health disabilities is presented in this essay, highlighting the significance of a comprehensive and person-centered approach. Evaluation, intervention, advocacy, research, and education are the five main duties of an international rehabilitation psychologist that are discussed. Examining the frequency and particular difficulties these demographic faces, researchers looked at the population in India with mental health disabilities. The requirements and dangers for the MHD community include comorbid conditions, resource access issues, and social stigma. Exploring mediating elements and ethical issues surrounding mental health disability, we stress the significance of cultural competency, confidentiality, and informed permission. A thorough self- management and treatment plan for individuals with mental health conditions is also provided; it includes evidence-based therapies, psychoeducation, and support services. By offering a framework for addressing the many and complicated needs of people with mental health disabilities, this article seeks to contribute to international rehabilitation psychology.

3 The conceptual model of Mental Health Disabilities The conceptual model of mental health impairments provides a basis for comprehending and managing the complexity of mental health difficulties. It offers a framework for analyzing the variables that influence the onset and experience of mental health problems and the therapies and supports required by those afflicted. At its foundation, the conceptual model acknowledges the complexity of mental health disorders and the wide range of biological, psychological, and social elements that affect them. It recognizes that various factors, such as traumatic events, neurochemical imbalances, genetic predispositions, and external pressures, can influence how these diseases emerge. According to Kennedy (2012), the paradigm's biological component highlights the importance of understanding the physiological mechanisms behind mental health issues. This includes examining genetic variables that may make people more susceptible to specific diseases and the effects of neurotransmitters and brain architecture on mental health. Researchers and clinicians can create focused therapies, such as medication or neurostimulation approaches, by understanding the biological foundation of mental health disorders (Kennedy, 2012). The psychological element emphasizes how cognition, emotion, and behavior are related to mental health issues. Johnstone et al. (2008) argue that this entails analyzing ideas and thoughts' role in the emergence and maintenance of certain situations and the impact of coping mechanisms and emotional regulation. Cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based techniques are only two examples of psychosocial therapies addressing these psychological illnesses. The paradigm's social component highlights how important social and environmental elements affect mental health. It emphasizes the significance of social support networks, financial position, cultural influences, and resource accessibility in determining a person's

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4 trajectory toward mental health. Informing policies and interventions to decrease health inequalities and advance social justice requires understanding the socioeconomic determinants of mental health disorders. The dynamic character of these diseases is also recognized in the mental health impairments conceptual model. Mental health-related disabilities can vary in severity, evolve through time, and be influenced by various interconnected events (Kendall & Marshall, 2004). This paradigm stresses a holistic approach that considers the person's circumstances and experiences rather than recommending a one-size-fits-all approach to therapy and support. Job description as a future International Rehabilitation Psychologist consisting of a minimum of five responsibilities I have a variety of duties as an international rehabilitation psychologist, all of which are geared toward assisting people with impairments and advancing their general well-being and functional independence. I would participate in various evaluation, advocacy, intervention, research, and educational activities in this position. Here are the five main duties listed in my job description. Assessment and Evaluation One of my main duties would be to conduct thorough evaluations of people with disabilities, assessing their cognitive, social, emotional, and functional capacities. Stout et al. add that this includes giving customers and their families interviews, giving out standardized exams, and looking through their medical and academic records ( Stout et al., 2021). I may create specialized treatment plans and interventions to facilitate their recovery and enhance their quality of life by fully understanding their strengths, limits, and special requirements.

5 Intervention and Treatment Designing and executing evidence-based therapies to address the psychological, emotional, and behavioral issues experienced by people with disabilities would be another key task. This might involve counseling or treatment for people and their families to strengthen coping mechanisms, foster resilience, and increase mental health. To provide comprehensive treatment and promote functional independence, I would work with a multidisciplinary team of experts, including occupational therapists, speech and language pathologists, and rehabilitation counselors. Advocacy and Policy Development I would actively participate in advocacy activities to advance the rights and inclusion of people with disabilities as an international rehabilitation psychologist. As suggested by Levine & Breshears (2019), this duty includes educating the public on disabilities, dispelling myths and prejudices, and promoting legislative reforms to improve accessibility, equal opportunity, and non-discrimination. I would work to provide a more welcoming and accommodating environment for people with disabilities worldwide by cooperating with organizations, governmental bodies, and communities. Research and Evidence-based Practice Contributing to rehabilitative psychology through research and knowledge dissemination would be a major duty in my position. Further understanding successful treatments and best practices requires conducting empirical investigations, publishing research findings, and giving conference presentations. The most recent research supports my treatments, keeps developing my professional abilities, and helps the field progress by remaining up to speed with new findings.

6 Education and Training Finally, I would be in charge of instructing and teaching upcoming experts in the area as an international rehabilitation psychologist. To spread information and develop the potential of others, this comprises instructing classes, managing students, and leading workshops or seminars. I can help create a professional and caring workforce prepared to serve people with disabilities effectively by supporting the future generation of rehabilitation psychologists. Describe the population with Mental Health Disabilities in India. In India, a sizeable percentage of people experience mental illness. India, a nation with a population of more than 1.3 billion, has many people with mental health problems. Mental health issues include schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and bipolar disorder. India's population with mental health problems experiences several difficulties due to many circumstances ( Murray et al., 2020). First, there is still a lack of knowledge, comprehension, and acceptance of mental health issues in Indian culture due to stigma and prejudice. This stigma makes People frequently discouraged from getting timely and effective treatment. The lack of mental health care services worsens the community's difficulties. The infrastructure for mental healthcare in India is frequently neglected, particularly in rural areas. Since there are not enough mental health professionals like clinical psychologists, mental health professionals, and mental health nurses, it might be difficult to get high-quality care. The COVID-19 epidemic has also significantly affected India's population's mental health. Due to increasing stress, loneliness, job loss, and disruptions in routine mental health treatments, the nation saw a rise in mental health disorders ( Lund et al., 2020). The outbreak revealed the

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7 present gaps in mental health treatment and highlighted the urgent need for extensive support networks. To safeguard the rights of people who experience mental health problems and to enhance community-based treatment, the Mental Healthcare Act of 2017 was approved. Telepsychiatry services and other programs, including the National Mental Health Program, are being developed to improve mental health care access and financial viability, particularly in rural regions. Needs and risks for the Mental Health Disabilities population India's population with mental health problems has special demands and hazards because of several variables, including social, cultural, and economic circumstances. Access to mental health treatments is one of this population's top priorities. Tucker & Reed (2008) note that despite rising mental health awareness, there remains a severe lack of mental health experts, especially in rural regions. Due to this shortage, individuals with mental health problems find it challenging to obtain timely care. Integration of mental health treatments into primary healthcare systems is another urgent necessity. Physical and mental health disorders are frequently addressed independently, which results in fragmented treatment. Moreno et al. (2020) posit that providing early identification, intervention, and more thorough, all-encompassing care for people with mental health problems would be possible by integrating mental health services with primary healthcare ( Moreno et al., 2020). The population with mental health problems also experiences economic difficulties. Due to prejudice and ignorance of their skills, many people with mental health issues find it difficult to find a job. This economic fragility negatively impacts their financial security, which limits their access to vital resources and support networks. To solve this issue, adequate vocational

8 training programs and job possibilities suited to their requirements are required. People with mental health issues in India receive comprehensive care, which includes medication treatments, psychotherapy, and self-empowerment methods in their self-care routines. Mediating Factors and ethical concerns for the Mental Health Disabilities Population Due to several mediating circumstances and ethical considerations, India's population with mental health problems faces various difficulties. These elements and worries affect the availability and standard of mental healthcare, aggravating this vulnerable population's problems. The lack of knowledge and understanding of mental health problems in Indian culture is a crucial mediating factor. For those with mental health issues, stigma, and prejudice are pervasive, resulting in social isolation and restricted prospects. The lack of acceptance and support from families, communities, and even healthcare professionals results from unfavorable views regarding mental health. As a result, people can hesitate to seek assistance or encounter obstacles while trying to acquire the right mental healthcare treatments. Another mediating issue is India's lack of facilities and funding for mental healthcare. Varma et al. (2021) argue that the country lacks sufficient mental health specialists, particularly in the rural areas where most people reside. Due to this scarcity, there are long wait times for diagnosis and treatment, a shortage of specialized services, and a heavy burden for existing hired mental health professionals. The government's focus on mental health and limited funding worsen these issues. When tackling mental health problems in India, ethical issues also come up. Informed consent and autonomy are significant ethical challenges, yet persons with mental health difficulties may struggle to communicate their preferences and make decisions due to their

9 condition. The involvement of support networks like family or caregivers is necessary to protect an individual's freedom while carefully balancing their rights and those of others who struggle with mental illness. India has socioeconomic divides, and more disadvantaged people face more barriers to seeking mental health treatment. Everyone should have access to high-quality medical treatment, including counseling, medication, and rehabilitation programs, regardless of their financial situation. The use of psychiatric medications also raises moral concerns regarding appropriate prescription and oversight. Regular evaluations, customized treatment regimens, and adequate documentation are required to avoid pharmaceutical abuse or overuse. Varma et al. (2021) assert that to safeguard patients' health; it is essential to consider any potential adverse effects and long- term consequences of these medicines. A thorough strategy is required to meet the demands of India's people with mental health difficulties. This entails building up the sector's infrastructure and staff, integrating it into primary healthcare, raising public awareness and battling stigma, and enhancing community-based support networks. A treatment and a self-management plan for patients with Mental Health Disabilities Mental health issues, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and depression, affect many individuals in India. Effective treatment and self-management programs are important for these shortcomings to be addressed and for people's well-being to be improved. It is important to remember that each patient will require a distinct approach to therapy because the severity and outward manifestations of mental health disorders may differ. Mental health conditions are treated with psychotherapy, medication, and social support. To address symptoms and preserve people's mental health, common drugs include antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and

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10 antidepressants. To get the greatest benefits, the prescribing doctor must regularly monitor these medications' doses and adverse effects. Another crucial care element is psychotherapy, which includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT encourages healthy coping strategies and emotional well-being by assisting people in recognizing and changing destructive attitudes and behaviors. Other therapeutic approaches, such as interpersonal and psychodynamic therapy, might also be used, depending on the patient's needs (Lorenzo-Luaces et al., 2021). Self-management skills are essential for the long-term well-being of persons with mental health issues. These programs are designed to provide participants with the information and resources they need to actively improve their quality of life and gain control over their diseases. Self-management strategies frequently utilize psychoeducation, which informs individuals about their condition, its symptoms, and the available resources. Self-management plans strongly emphasize developing coping mechanisms and stress reduction strategies in addition to psychoeducation. These can include mindfulness practices, meditation techniques, physical activity, living a healthy lifestyle, and creating a supportive social network. Peer support groups and local organizations are other beneficial places where people may share their experiences and obtain assistance from others going through similar challenges. By combining these techniques, Individuals can control their conditions and lead fulfilling lives. Increasing public knowledge of these issues and access to mental health therapies are still crucial to address the worries faced by people in India who suffer from mental health impairments.

11 References Johnstone, B., Walsh, J., Carter, S. & Fisk, R. (2008). Rehabilitation psychology: Meeting the needs of individuals with acquired disabilities in Ireland. Disability and Rehabilitation, 30(9), 709–715. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09638280701395708 . Kendall, E. & Marshall, C.A. (2004). Factors that prevent equitable access to rehabilitation for Aboriginal Australians with disabilities: The need for culturally safe rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Psychology, 49(1), 5–13. https://www.proquest.com/docview/614386779? accountid=34120&pq-origsite=primo . Kennedy, P. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Psychology. Levine, A., & Breshears, B. (2019). Discrimination at every turn: An intersectional ecological lens for rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Psychology , 64 (2), 146. Lorenzo-Luaces, L., Peipert, A., De Jesus Romero, R., Rutter, L. A., & Rodriguez-Quintana, N. (2021). Personalized medicine and cognitive behavioral therapies for depression: Small effects, big problems, and bigger data. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy , 14 , 59-85.

12 Lund, E. M., Forber-Pratt, A. J., Wilson, C., & Mona, L. R. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic, stress, and trauma in the disability community: A call to action. Rehabilitation Psychology , 65 (4), 313. Moreno, C., Wykes, T., Galderisi, S., Nordentoft, M., Crossley, N., Jones, N., ... & Arango, C. (2020). How mental health care should change as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The lancet psychiatry , 7 (9), 813–824. Murray, H., Grey, N., Wild, J., Warnock-Parkes, E., Kerr, A., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2020). Cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder following critical illness and intensive care unit admission. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist , p. 13 , e13. Stout, N. L., Santa Mina, D., Lyons, K. D., Robb, K., & Silver, J. K. (2021). A systematic review of rehabilitation and exercise recommendations in oncology guidelines. CA: A cancer journal for clinicians , 71 (2), 149–175. Tucker, J.A. & Reed, G.M. (2008). Evidentiary pluralism as a strategy for research and evidence- based practices in rehabilitation psychology. Rehabilitation Psychology, 53(3), 279–293. https://www.proquest.com/docview/614492717?pq-origsite=primo&accountid=34120 . Varma, P., Junge, M., Meaklim, H., & Jackson, M. L. (2021). Younger people are more vulnerable to stress, anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: A global cross-sectional survey —progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry , 109 , 110236.

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