Pharmacological Effects of Antiretroviral Medication in the Management of HIV Infection

Please answer with lots of explanation. It is not a pharmacology question. It is an estimation problem based off of pharmacology.

Explain (briefly but concisely) the FDA Release entitled "Coronavirus Update: FDA Authorities Monocional Antibodies for Treatments of Covid-19"

Answer the following and inlcude the references    SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes CoVid-19, belongs to the Coronaviridae family. Viruses under this family have a genome made of single-stranded positive-sense RNA. Is this similar to the viral genome of HIV? If so, do you think that – in theory – they would have similar replication cycles? Do you think that ART combinations/options might help in suppressing the viral replication of SARS-CoV-2? Expound.

1) this is about covid

please do answer all of the question, thank you! :>

Aside from antibody-producing vaccines against spike proteins, describe or gicve at least 2 other therapeutic strategies that employ knowledge of pathways allowing viral entry into cells and/or mechanisms preventing replication of new viral particles after entry.    1. 2.

Discuss one common myth or misconception about the HPV Virus. Explain why the myth may exist and what is the truth! Provide a source.

Choose all the true statements regarding coronavirus proteins.     Vaccine preventable diseases include COVID-19.     For coronaviruses, it is more likely to find evolving mutations in the portion of the spike protein than the nucleocapsid protein.     Mutations in the genetic code for the spike protein will produce 3D changes that are more likely to affect vaccine efficacy than changes to the nucleocapsid protein code.     The nucleocapsid protein interacts with viral nucleic acid specifically whereas the spike protein interacts with the host protein non-specifically.

(a)  What is the dosage form of the two above drugs?  (b)  What is the administration method for the two above drugs?   Molnupiravir has not been approved but has been authorized for emergency use by the FDA under an EUA to treat mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. Briefly explain this decision made by FDA based on the knowledge of clinical trials. Both drugs are not allowed to be prescribed to person under 18 years old due to insufficient clinical data. Why is it necessary to separately conduct clinical trials for a younger age group?

What are the types of anti-HIV therapies? How effective are they during early and late stages of HIV infection? one page

Names: The world is in a state of pandemic crisis due to the emergence of a new pathogen – SARS CoV2. Conduct outside reading in peer-reviewed journals or national sites such as CDC and integrate this information with material from class. 1. What is the distinction between SARS-COV2 and Covid-19? 2. Compare the molecular nature and size of the SARS-COV2 and HIV genomes and the contents and structure of their virions. 3. What interaction does the HIV virus use to enter cells versus the SARS CoV-2 virus? 4. How can a monoclonal antibody (Regeneron) be used therapeutically? What patient's may benefit from it? 5. What drug designed to treat Ebola is now in clinical trials for Covid-19? How does it work? 6. Explain three different types of ELISA tests. Describe how you could use one of them to detect SARS. 7. Why would ELISA or PCR be a better diagnostic test for Covid-19? 8. What are the limitations in using ELISA and PCR for Covid-19 diagnosis? 9. You are working on a research project…

Mc 8 eBook References paragraph. Inoculated attenuated Sabin vaccination Salk Inactivated multiply three revert two prophylaxis infantile paralysis myasthenia gravis Poliomyelitis 00000000000 Drag the text blocks below into their correct order. In contrast, oral polio vaccine (OPV), developed by an in the 1960s, contains virus and can be easily administered by mouth making it useful still in polio eradication programs in developing countries today. OPV poses many risks, however, such as the attenuated virus can people and spread to others or it can making this vaccine virtually unusable in the U.S. today. In the past, this disease often affected small children and was called poliovirus vaccine was developed by in 1954 and is now the form used for all U.S. childhood vaccinations due to its low risk to individuals being vaccinated. in vaccinated to a neurovirulent strain causing disease, neuromuscular paralysis. There are against polio. is an acute enteroviral infection of the spinal…

1) COVID-19 a. Should there be clinical trails performed by agents (institutions) outside the very drug companies that manufacture them? b. Which factors influence the form of treatment in any given nation (example, amount of moeny, profits to be made, accessibility of the treatment, etc.) c. Which type od approaches you think may work the best in form of minimizing COVID-19 infections and the resulting side effects

Can i get a help answering this question: The case study tells you that the HIV virus exits the cell by budding, but how can you tell that just based on the structure of the HIV virus? (see attached for the case study)

Please answer all questions.

List specific drugs categorized as non–human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) antivirals and HIV antivirals or antiretrovirals.

Please help me with this question. More than one answer may be correct. The graph relating to the information is included below. The above graph is looking at the relative entry of SARS-CoV2 isolated spike proteins into human cells in culture at two times points: before introduction of the virus to the cell culture (0 minute) and 5 minutes after introduction of the virus to the cell culture. CHC stands for "clathrin heavy chain" and siRNA stands for small interfering RNA, which is often used in experiments as an easy method to stop expression of a certain gene. So in this case, the CHC siRNA would stop cellular production of CHC. The control siRNA introduces a small RNA fragment that does not match any gene as a negative control. Imagine that the experiment was then allowed to run for 500 minutes in addition to five minutes? How would the relative uptake of the spike protein into the control siRNA cells compare after 500 min to the 5 minute treatment? Options: 500 min time point would…

Please help me with this question. More than one answer may be correct. THe graph relating to the information is included below. The above graph is looking at the relative entry of SARS-CoV2 isolated spike proteins into human cells in culture at two times points: before introduction of the virus to the cell culture (0 minute) and 5 minutes after introduction of the virus to the cell culture. CHC stands for "clathrin heavy chain" and siRNA stands for small interfering RNA, which is often used in experiments as an easy method to stop expression of a certain gene. So in this case, the CHC siRNA would stop cellular production of CHC. The control siRNA introduces a small RNA fragment that does not match any gene as a negative control. From the above figure, you can conclude what about the process that allows the SARS CoV-2 virus entry into the cell? Options: The spike protein is not involved in cell entry, contrary to popular belief This is evidence for clathrin-mediated endocytosis as the…

1. What are the differences between lab and clinical diagnosis- please write your answer by considering to distinguishing Flu versus COVID-19 diagnosis? 2. What are ribozymes? 3. What are the differences between prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines? 4. What is the difference between a regular flu vaccine and the COVID-19 vaccine? 5. What is Gene Therapy? Give the names of three diseases in which the Gene therapy strategy is successful? 6. What are the implications of human genome project?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of drug delivery systems that are based on bacterial or viral host.

Match the terms .

There are exceptions to the coding guidelines as they apply to possible and probable conditions. However, there is an exception in this chapter with HIV disease. HIV must be confirmed by the physician’s diagnostic statement in order to code. Why is this an exception to the guidelines? What issues can patients with AIDS or HIV face?

Answer the following  1.Are viruses living or non-living organisms? 2. What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? 3. HIV is classified as a retrovirus. What are retroviruses? 4. In your own words, provide a short summary of the HIV replication cycle. 5. Why is reverse transcriptase an important enzyme in the replication cycle of HIV? 6. In the chapter about enzymes, we have discussed how drugs are basically inhibitors. There are currently a multitude of Antiretroviral therapy (ART or ARV) options available to people living with HIV (PLHIV) so that the viral replication is suppressed and does not progress to AIDS. What do you think these drugs target? Discuss briefly. 7. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes CoVid-19, belongs to the Coronaviridae family. Viruses under this family have a genome made of single-stranded positive-sense RNA. Is this similar to the viral genome of HIV? If so, do you think that – in theory – they would have similar replication cycles? 8. In your own opinion, do…

Give typed explanation Your client is presenting with chest pain and a history of a COVID-19 infection. What interprofessional collaboration should occur when planning your care of this client? Write a brief description of their role in your plan of care.

Describe 4 differences and 4 similarities between viral lytic and lysogenic phases. * For each difference clearly state the reason why lytic is different from lysogenic using technical biological terms.* For each similarity you can just state what is the reason(s) the 2 phases are similar.   Essay Limit: 300 words   Book: Biology (Campbell)          11 edition          Urry. Cain. Wasserman. Minorsky. Reece

Identify the elements that make the articles fake. Explain the reason that makes the information not reliable and authentic. You may use a flow chart or concept map in your analysis.

Which link in the chain of infection is the intervention described below meant to break? Having moderate-to-severe asthma may increase your risk for severe illness from COVID-19. Actions you take should include: Follow your Asthma Action Plan. Continue your current medicines, including any inhalers with steroids in them. Make sure that you have at least a 30-day supply of your medicines. Avoid your asthma triggers. (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019- ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html) Means of transmission Infectious agent Susceptible host Portal of entry

WHAT ARE THE ALTERNATIVE DRUGS THAT CAN BE USED TO THESE ETIOLOGIC AGENTS GIVEN THAT THE FOLLOWING ARE THE DRUGS OF CHOICE? Herpes Simplex type I virus - Acyclovir Herpes Simplex type II virus - Acyclovir Cytomegalovirus - Intravenous Gancyclovir Varicella zoster/Herpes zosters- Acyclovir/Velacyclovir Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) - Abacavir Hepatitis B virus - Tenofovir, Adefovir Hepatitis C virus -Harvoni Influenza virus - Zanamivir