Desma9_Sp23_Blog_Compilation_Summary

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Summary: Throughout this quarter, I have learned many things from this course. Most of the topics introduced throughout the weeks were things I have never heard of or had any knowledge of before. I found every topic to be fascinating, considering that so many concepts were connected to art. One of the most important things I learned from this course is that combining different aspects of the world with art can make such beautiful pieces and further advance our society. In my opinion, I found week 4’s topic to be the most interesting. Medicine, technology, and art have come together to create important needs for the world. At first, I didn’t think art would be involved in the medical world, but gaining more knowledge about how art is incorporated in many aspects gave me a better understanding of why art is needed. For example, art has been able to work with medicine and technology to create prosthetics for those who have lost limbs. The use of art in this situation is essential because of the dynamics it needs in order to make the prosthetic fit and function properly. From the first week to the last and along with attending events, it amazed me how much relates to art. Coming across all these topics throughout the quarter has made me think of an idea that could benefit society, like it did with medicine and technology. I have chosen to write my final essay on technology and art on the topic of body image. Since technology has shown to advance throughout the years, I want to develop a device that will further technology by tracking fitness and nutrients just as simple as putting it on your wrist. This quarter has taught me that technology created a world to make this easier and benefit the population, which I believe can advance even more due to its proven development. Week 1: Two Cultures I am a second year student, majoring in sociology. I am also an athlete which has brought my attention to the two cultures of student athletes and just regular students on campus. As an athlete, I have noticed that we live very different lives compared to non athletes. I believe that regular students attending UCLA are able to challenge themselves academically and have more opportunities to join clubs or participate in extracurricular activities. Whereas
athletes juggle with school, practice, travel, and workouts; not leaving a whole lot of room for other activities. Another observation I've made are that athletes tend to choose a less demanding major in order to be able to perform well in their sport, especially if they play a lot. Regular students tend to choose a challenging major that requires a lot of time and effort into the classes. I personally chose to major in sociology because of the limited time I have to really put my attention in my classes. Since I play golf, it is an all year round sport, requiring traveling every month of the school year, making me miss a lot of my classes. I think if I were to choose a major like Biology, it would be difficult for me to really learn all the concepts since I would not be able to go to class a lot of the time. Sources: “Facilities.” UCLA , uclabruins.com/facilities/ucla-golf-facilities/6. Accessed 8 Apr. 2023. Loannou, Lazaros. “Student Athlete Decisions: Choosing Their Academic Major | the Sports Financial Literacy Academy.” Moneysmartathlete.com , 13 Feb. 2019,
moneysmartathlete.com/athlete-development/student-athlete-decisions-choosing-their-academic- major/. Kelly, Kevin. "The Third Culture." The Third Culture . N.p., n.d. Web. Feb. Snow, C. P. The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution . New York: Cambridge UP, 1959. Print. Vesna, Victoria. "Toward a Third Culture: Being In Between." Leonardo. 34 (2001): 121-125. Week 2: Math + Art After analyzing the concepts of math and art, I have realized that the two are connected. Math is a big aspect of how art pieces come together. For example, in Vesna's lecture video she describes how Leonardo Da Vinci uses the divine ratio to help create the Mona Lisa. From my personal experience, I remember learning math concepts of shapes and sizes in my geometry class in high school. While I was learning math and equations, I never really realized how much it influences art. Geometry is an Art In Linda Henderson's "The Fourth Dimension and Non-Euclidean Geometry in Modern Art," discusses how the fourth dimension influenced artists' creativity. "Specifically, belief in a fourth
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dimension encouraged artists to depart from visual reality and to reject completely the one-point perspective system that for centuries had portrayed the world as three-dimensional." (Henderson 205). The created some challenges to the artists since they had to rethink their reality and take a different approach to their art. Visualizing the Fourth Dimension Relating to Henderson, Edwin A. Abbot's "Flatland," is about a story that falls into the category of geometric shapes but many having the perspective of only a two dimensional world. This also creates the challenge for artists to have an open mind and imagination to a three dimensional world, similar to Henderson's fourth dimension. Because of the limitations some creators have put on their art and outlook of the world, it would be difficult to understand many other possibilities there are.
Abbot's "Flatland" I have learned and noticed the importance of science and math when it comes to art. While art may seem like an individual concept, mathematics has helped bring many pieces together and are a significant part of what makes art beautiful and fascinating. Sources:
Abbott, Edwin Abobtt. “A Romance of Many Dimensions.” Flatland, 1884, http://www.ibiblio.org/eldritch/eaa/FL.HTM Henderson, Linda Dalrymple. “The Fourth Dimension and Non-Euclidean Geometry in Modern Art: Conclusion.” Leonardo , vol. 17, no. 3, 1984, pp. 205–210. Vesna, Victoria. “Mathematics-pt1-ZeroPerspectiveGoldenMean.mov.” 12 Apr. 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMmq5B1LKDg&t=455s. Accessed 12 Apr. 2023. Images: “Geometry Is an Art.” Life through a Mathematician’s Eyes , 28 May 2014, lifethroughamathematicianseyes.wordpress.com/2014/05/28/geometry-is-an-art/. Accessed 13 Apr. 2023. Radiya-Dixit, Anika. “Visualizing the Fourth Dimension | Research Blog.” Research Blog , 26 Apr. 2017, researchblog.duke.edu/2017/04/26/visualizing-the-fourth-dimension/. “Edwin Abbott Abbott.” Www.math.brown.edu , www.math.brown.edu/tbanchof/abbott/Flatland/ISR/. Mafi, Nick. “28 of the Most Fascinating Public Sculptures.” Architectural Digest , 22 Nov. 2019, www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/11-most-fascinating-public-sculptures. Week 4: Medicine + Technology + Art As we dive deeper into the elements of art, with the help of science and technology, comes medicine. I have always been interested in the field of medicine and this week's topic gave me a better understanding of how medicine is truly an aspect of art. One of the most fascinating things in the world of medicine is the MRI and x-ray machine. MRI machines have been a huge benefit in the health field, being able to diagnose many conditions since it produces images from
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inside the body that we obviously cannot see from just simply looking at it with our bare eyes. https://4rai.com/blog/why-the-3-tesla-mri-is-the-best-scanner-for-diagnostic-imaging From personal experience, I have had to get a MRI scan to be able to have a clearer view of what was actually going on in my shoulder, making sure I didn't have tear but it only turned out to be tendonitis. Since it was bothering me for awhile, the doctors recommended to get a MRI scan to make sure nothing was too threatening. The photo below is not a scan of my shoulder, but just an example of what the MRI machines can show. Obviously, trained professionals would have a better understanding of the scan and what is being shown but this also brings up how art is connected to medicine. "The enticement of MRI images in art making in analogous to the fascination with X-rays that can be found in several artistic expression that characterized the avant-garde movements both in literature and the visual art." (Casni 74). As Professor Vesna mentioned, medicine is an art and doctors are the artists. The way medical technology has developed and made our world more advanced, allows art to also advance. The aspects of medicine, technology and art
have been able to diagnose and cure our world. Without one or the other aspects, none would have been able to develop or advance. Each aspect is related to each other in a way. For example, making a robot is in the technology category, but if it weren't for art then assembling and design would not have been so successful. Sources: Casini, Silvia. “Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as Mirror and Portrait: MRI Configurations between Science and the Arts.” Configurations , vol. 19, no. 1, 2011, pp. 73–99., https://doi.org/10.1353/con.2011.0008. Vesna, Victoria. “Lecture Part 2” Medicine+Technology+Art | Lectures . https://bruinlearn.ucla.edu/courses/129896/pages/unit-4-view?module_item_id=485251 2. Ingber, Donald E. “The Architecture of Life.” Scientific American , vol. 278, no. 1, 1998, pp. 48–57., https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0198-48. Images: “Why the 3 Tesla MRI Is the Best Scanner for Diagnostic Imaging.” 4rai.com , 13 Sept. 2016, 4rai.com/blog/why-the-3-tesla-mri-is-the-best-scanner-for-diagnostic-imaging.
“Shoulder Tendon Pain Sydney | Tendinopathy Randwick | Shoulder Pain NSW.” Www.shouldersurgery.com.au , www.shouldersurgery.com.au/shoulder-tendon-pain.html. Case Western Reserve University. “5 Medical Robots Making a Difference in Healthcare at CWRU.” Case.edu , 2015, online-engineering.case.edu/blog/medical-robots-making-a-difference. Week 6: BioTech + Art With biology, technology, and art we are able to use these concepts to form an advanced reality. While watching the videos provided for this week's topic, Joe Davis was an important image in terms of biotechnology. Davis is an artist known to incorporate biology into his art, discovering that the two don't have to be separated. For example, Davis created the "Microvenus" which was the first piece of art that used biology and technology. Microvenus, Joe Davis However, including biology in art means using genetics and organisms which leads to the use of animals. Like Eduardo Kac, he experimented with a bunny and green fluorescent protein (GFP) to make the animal glow green. The green glowing bunny, Alba, was created because biology and technology provided the tools to make it possible. As Kac provided evidence that biotechnology and living organisms can create art, some may find it disturbing.
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GFP Bunny, Eduardo Kac Another example of animal use in the science and art world is Kathy High's experiment with rats. Her interest in using rats for he experiment was because they are physiologically close to humans. Not only that, but she was more so interested in the rats used for an autoimmune disease experiment that she also had (Embracing Animal). Embracing Animal, Kathy High With all of the experiments including biology, with the help of technology, I find it fascinating that these artists have found new ways to incorporate these topics into art. The use of genetics and living organisms in art shows the development of technology and how artists are using it to their advantage Works Cited 1. “Bioart: An Introduction.” EurekAlert! , 23 Nov. 2015, www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/666865.
2. “Embracing Animal.” Kathy High , www.kathyhigh.com/projects/embracing-animal/#:~:text=Transgenic%20rats%20are%20referred %20to. Accessed 13 May 2023. 3. “Green Fluorescent Protein - Cool Uses - Alba.” Www.conncoll.edu , www.conncoll.edu/ccacad/zimmer/GFP-ww/cooluses8.html. 4. JOE DAVIS, from Microvenus to Astrobiology . clotmag.com/biomedia/joe-davis. Accessed 13 May 2023. 5. “The GFP Bunny.” Www.ekac.org , www.ekac.org/flashartsg.html. Accessed 13 May 2023. 6. Vesna, Victoria . “5 Bioart Pt1 1280x720.” Www.youtube.com , 18 Sept. 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaThVnA1kyg&t=1s. Accessed 13 May 2023. 7. ---. “5 BioArt Pt3.” Www.youtube.com , 17 May 2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EpD3np1S2g&list=PL9DBF43664EAC8BC7&t=279s. Accessed 13 May 2023. Images: “Embracing Animal.” Kathy High , www.kathyhigh.com/projects/embracing-animal/#:~:text=Transgenic%20rats%20are%20referred %20to. Accessed 13 May 2023. “Green Fluorescent Protein - Cool Uses - Alba.” Www.conncoll.edu , www.conncoll.edu/ccacad/zimmer/GFP-ww/cooluses8.html. JOE DAVIS, from Microvenus to Astrobiology . clotmag.com/biomedia/joe-davis. Accessed 13 May 2023. Week 7: Neuroscience + Art I have always had in interest in the brain and how it works. Neuroscience focuses on how the brain controls pretty much everything in our body, from thoughts to physical movements. While the brain may seem something to be talked about and used in the medical field, it is also used in
art. For example, the artist known to have sold his brain, Jonathon Keats, used MRI images of his brain activity while thinking about art, beauty, love and death (Frazzetto & Anker 816). Keats, Jonathon . “I Tried to Find What Truth and Beauty Looked like in My Brain.” Discover Magazine , 13 Nov. 2019 (www.discovermagazine.com/mind/i-tried-to-find-what-truth-and-beauty-looked-like-in-my-brain) I believe that studying the brain is a true art, considering the fact that MRI scans are able to show us what parts of our brains activate when doing or thinking about certain things. "Visual artists are fascinated with such technologies and the iconic power of its computer-generated imagery..." (Frazzetto & Anker 817). I too am fascinated with how technology has developed and created ways to be able to see our brains live. Without being able to see the activity in our brains, we wouldn't understand why we do the things we do, have emotional connections with certain things, and so much more. Because neuroscience has provided the knowledge to some of our questions, it has created a whole new art in the world.
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“New MRI Technology Could Measure Brain Function in Milliseconds.” Medical Devices , 26 Apr. 2019, medicaldevicescommunity.com/md_news/new-mri-technology/. Accessed 20 May 2023. I personally take the sertraline medicine called Zoloft which helps with my experiences of depression. Antidepressants are said to increase the levels of serotonin in the brain which is a neurotransmitter that carry signals between neurons. I think it is interesting that a simple pill can help this issue, and I can vouch that it has allowed me to enter a better mental state. Thus, the study of neuroscience has definitely been a huge benefit to our society.
Nrel, Zortilo. “How Do I Get Sertraline (Zoloft) Prescribed for Depression?” Mango Clinic , 15 May 2021, mangoclinic.com/how-do-i-get-sertraline-zoloft-prescribed-for-depression/. Accessed 20 May 2023. Sources: American Psychological Association. “Scanning the Brain.” Apa.org , 2014, www.apa.org/topics/neuropsychology/brain-form-function. Frazzetto, Giovanni, and Suzanne Anker. “Neoculture.” Perspectives , Macmillan Publishers Ltd., Nov. 2010, http://suzanneanker.com/publications/. Star, Katherina . “Learn How Zoloft Works to Relieve Depression and Anxiety.” Verywell Mind , 15 May 2023, www.verywellmind.com/zoloft-sertraline-2584329#:~:text=As%20an%20SSRI% 2C%20Zoloft%20blocks. Vesna, Victoria. Lecture. “Neuroscience + Art, Unconscious Mind/Dreams (Part 2). DESMA 9, Web. 19 May 2023, UCLA. Vesna, Victoria. Lecutre. “Neuroscience + Art, Neurochemical (Part 3). DESMA 9, Web. 19 May 2023, UCLA. Week 8: NanoTech + Art While nanoscience and nanotechnology are dependent on each other, they do have different properties. Nanoscience is the study of structures and materials on a microscopic scale, while nanotechnology is the design/production of new materials and devices at the nanoscale. These terms may be different in their own way, but they come together in order to advance in the manufacturing world. Since this science and technology is based on the nanoscale, it takes scanning electron microscopes to be able to get images of the particles.
https://www.howstuffworks.com/hsw-contact.htm. “How Scanning Electron Microscopes Work.”science.howstuffworks.com/scanning-electron-microscope2.htm. In terms of art, nanotechnology has benefited some artworks for conservation. Nanodroplets have been used to remove any kind of dirt from paintings. For example, using nanodroplets was first used on the paintings in Branccaci Chapel. Another way nanotechnology has contributed to art conservation is to repair flakey paint. By using water based microemulsion, " The nanosized containers of the organic esters are very effective in interacting with the flaking polymer coating, and detaching them from the surface." (Sunipapramanick 2017). sunipapramanik. “Art Conservation and Nanotechnology: A Wonderful Confluence of Arts and Sciences.” sustainable-nano.com/2017/05/12/art-conservation-and-nanotechnology/. While there is an importance to art conservation, a nanoartist, Chris Orfescu took a different approach. Orfescu wanted to share the beauty of a nanoart, by manipulating chemicals to create sculptures and turns them into artwork with the help of the scanning electron microscope. He believed that nanoart has a way of connecting with the audience and shows that nanotechnology influences people's lives. His art pieces have showed that you can create beautiful images with the use of science and technology.
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“NanoArt - Atomic / Molecular Sculptures and Landscapes.” www.interaliamag.org/articles/cris-orfescu-nanoart-atomic-molecular-sculptures-and-landscapes/. Sources: Australian Academy of Science. “Nanoscience: Thinking Big, Working Small.” Curious , Nova, 29 Apr. 2018, www.science.org.au/curious/nanoscience. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “CDC - Nanotechnology - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , 2019, www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/nanotech/default.html. “NanoArt - Atomic / Molecular Sculptures and Landscapes.” Interalia Magazine , 7 Aug. 2015, www.interaliamag.org/articles/cris-orfescu-nanoart-atomic-molecular-sculptures-and-land scapes/. sunipapramanik. “Art Conservation and Nanotechnology: A Wonderful Confluence of Arts and Sciences.” Sustainable Nano , 12 May 2017, sustainable-nano.com/2017/05/12/art-conservation-and-nanotechnology/. Vesna, Victoria , and Jim Gimzewski. “The Nanomeme Syndrome: Blurring of Fact & Fiction in the Construction of a New Science.” Vv.arts.ucla.edu ,
vv.arts.ucla.edu/publications/publications/02-03/JV_nano/JV_nano_artF5VG.htm. Accessed 25 May 2023. Week 9: Space + Art Space has always fascinated me, leaving me to wonder what it actually looks like and what activity goes on. Growing up, there have always been shows/movies that incorporate space that I have watched, making me interested in the topic. Looking at the materials from this week and how art and space connected, it is amazing to see the creative works artist have made. Image of a scene from Avengers: Endgame An astroartist, Arthur R. Woods, created an art piece named the "Cosmic Dancer Sculpture." This piece was the first 3D artwork that was designed for a space environment made out of welded aluminum. While in space, the Cosmic Dancer could spin and float making it seem like it was "dancing" in the weightless environment. I found this piece of Woods' to be very engaging considering the fact that he wanted to integrate art into space. The Cosmic Dancer
Another artist that intrigued me that incorporated space in art is Don Dixon. Dixon who is a member of the IAAA has created art surrounding all the concepts in space you could think of. While he has created many works of space features, I really thought his piece on the galaxy was amazing. Dixon's work has been created with oil or acrylic paints, including the one of the Milky Way galaxy. To create a piece that looks very realistic, especially of something in space is fascinating to me. I believe space and art have created beautiful projects and have showed the significance of how art can be created through any concept. Our Galaxy, Don Dixon Works Cited: “COSMOGRAPHICA.” Www.cosmographica.com , www.cosmographica.com/spaceart/index.html. Accessed 31 May 2023. “Introduction: News : Arthur Woods : Cosmic Dancer.” Www.cosmicdancer.com , www.cosmicdancer.com/introduction.php. Accessed 31 May 2023. “Leonardo Space Art Project Visioneers.” Spaceart.org , spaceart.org/leonardo/vision.html. Accessed 31 May 2023. Sarah Lewin. “The Space Age Invades Marvel’s Cinematic Universe.” Space.com , 25 Apr. 2019, www.space.com/space-age-invades-marvel-cinematic-universe.html. Vesna, Victoria. “Space Intro.” Www.youtube.com , 26 Mar. 2012, youtu.be/zzN08A6UBoo. Accessed 31 May 2023. “What Is Space Art?” International Association of Astronomical Artists , iaaa.org/what-is-space-art/. Accessed 31 May 2023.
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Images: Sarah Lewin. “The Space Age Invades Marvel’s Cinematic Universe.” Space.com , 25 Apr. 2019, www.space.com/space-age-invades-marvel-cinematic-universe.html. “Introduction: News : Arthur Woods : Cosmic Dancer.” Www.cosmicdancer.com , www.cosmicdancer.com/introduction.php. Accessed 31 May 2023. “COSMOGRAPHICA.” Www.cosmographica.com , www.cosmographica.com/spaceart/index.html. Accessed 31 May 2023.
Events: LASER: De-colonizing AI I attended this event because the name interested me especially since it is about AI. With AI becoming a popular topic recently, I thought this would be a good event to attend to learn more about it and the effects it has on the art world. In this event, a few speakers discussed their perspectives on artificial intelligence and how it has been involved in art. One speaker that really interested me was Mashinka Hokapian who is an artist and writer. Registration Hokapian discussed how AI works. From my own knowledge, I understood that AI is able to perform like the human mind because of programming. In terms of art, AI works on an algorithm by taking 80,000 images from the greatest artworks which mainly come from the Renaissance period. Thus meaning that when AI produces an image, it will most likely create a picture of someone/something that looks like it was from Western Europe. And since AI is programmed with images from this time, it showed how it wasn't able to create accurate photo of a person , especially if they had color. For example, some of the images shown during the event was of people of color and how AI wasn't able to produce a picture that looked like the actual being. AI generated photo of Tessa Thompson The above example shows how concerning the use of AI can be because of the historic use of images it uses to create art. Hokapian expressed how AI creates biased pieces of people
because of how they are programmed, really only having a background "knowledge" of white individuals. AI generated photo In the beginning, I had interest in AI and learning more about it because I thought it was a cool topic especially since how fast it is able to generate things. However, after attending this event, it seems to hurt the art world with its biased data. It does leave a bit of a concern, especially since AI has shown to use outdated information and images. So, if you are interested in AI and what the future holds, I definitely would recommend attending this event. AI generated art piece of The Birth of Venus Sources “The Birth of Venus by Botticelli: Artworks: Uffizi Galleries.” The Birth of Venus by Botticelli | Artworks | Uffizi Galleries , www.uffizi.it/en/artworks/birth-of-venus.
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Leonardo Da Vinci + Gravity Attending this event really brought perspective of Da Vinci's work surrounding his conceptions of gravity through Mathew Landrus and Claire Farago. I originally thought that Da Vinci was just a famous artist that created the Mona Lisa and the Starry Night, but I had no idea that he used gravity to work with. This event definitely goes with our recent discussions of how art, science, and math all connect to each other. Throughout the discussion of gravity, Farago introduced Da Vinci's perspective of the world: the Earth was the center of the universe, the world is composed of 4 elements (earth, water, air, and fire), law of the lever. It is interesting to hear about Da Vinci's take on gravity and how it has affected the world. While I have understood the 4 elements of the world, I cannot entirely wrap my head around that the Earth is the center of the universe, since recent studies have discovered that there is no such thing. It fascinates me how he came about that statement during his time, especially when science wasn't as advanced back then.
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Another topic of the discussion that caught my attention was the Pyramidal Law. In the article, "Leonardo Da Vinci: Cause, effect, linearity, and memory," gave insight into Leonardo's ideas. The authors had stated Da Vinci's law on linearity, "... Consequently, all powers are pyramidal because they can grow from nothing to infinite greatness by equal degrees. And by similar degrees they decrease to infinity by diminution ending in nothing. Therefore nothingness borders on infinity” (Magazú et al. 2018). With this law, he was able to incorporate it in most of his work. This brings me back to week 2's topic of math and art. It is clear that the pyramidal law is a concept of math that Da Vinci had been utilizing in order to create breathtaking pieces.
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Sources: Gharib, Morteza, et al. “Leonardo Da Vinci’s Visualization of Gravity as a Form of Acceleration.” Leonardo (Oxford), vol. 56, no. 1, 2023, pp. 21–27, https://doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_02322. Magazu, Salvatore, et al. “Leonardo Da Vinci: Cause, Effect, Linearity, and Memory.” Journal of Advanced Research, 11 Sept. 2018, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090123218300948 . Images: Zoe Campos, Registered Screenshot Event Screenshot 1, Leonardo's World Event Screenshot 2, Pyramidal Law Miller, Ralph . “DaVinci Code II - the Mystery of the Pyramids | Heart of the Initiate - Shamanic Retreats.” Www.heartoftheinitiate.com , www.heartoftheinitiate.com/library/articles/davinci-code-2-mystery-of-the-pyramids. Accessed 20 May 2023.
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Thinking Atoms This event of THINKING ATOMS shared how the science world has had its own share of controversies, which interested me the most. Nanoscientist James K. Gimzewski and physicist Franz J. Giessibl discussed how new discoveries aren't always supported. Thus, the discovery that was seen as nonsense was the atom and microscope. Since atoms are so small and basically invisible to the naked eye, there was a lot of skepticism that atoms made up the world. Nanoscientist: James K. Gimzewski However, with the help of the microscope, Gimzewski mentions the first photocopy of an atom was published in a newspaper. The picture of the "atom" was seen to be a fuzzy object. While some were fascinated by how the world was able to see what an atom looks like, others believed it wasn't real. This is when an artist published the image of the fuzzy atom.
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Published image of atom from newspaper article Another topic I found intriguing was when Gimzewski and Giessibl go on to speak about how few artists have dealt and considered atoms to be art. This continues on to the topic of Dalai Lama's book, "The Universe in a Single Atom: The Convergence of Science and Spirituality." Giessible stated that he found it interesting how Dalai Lama wrote a whole book about the atom, in favor of how science, art, and spiritually are all connected to each other. As Lama believed, I too agree that the reality of nature should complement each other, rather than distinctively divide one another. Physicist: Franz J. Giessibl Works Cited Dalai Lama . The Universe in a Single Atom : The Controversy of Science and Spirituality . London, Little, Brown, 2006.
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