H&N Review
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Portland Community College *
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Course
333
Subject
Medicine
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
8
Uploaded by DeaconPantherMaster431
1. Trigeminal nerve divisions pass through three openings of which cranial bone? Sphenoid
2. Name the three openings in the base of the skull through which the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve pass? V1; superior orbital fissure, V2; foramen rotundum, V3; foramen ovale.
3. Which four cranial nerves innervate the tongue? Hypoglossal, Lingual, Glossopharyngeal, Facial-Chorda Tympani.
4. Name which cranial nerve and which branch innervates the muscles of mastication?
CN V Trigeminal, V-3 Mandibular.
5. Name the four muscles of mastication. Temporalis, Masseter, Medial pterygoid, Lateral pterygoid
6. Name the origin and insertion of the four mastication muscles. Temporalis: temporal fossa-coronoid process
Medial pterygoid: pterygoid fossa- inner aspect of the ramus
Lateral pterygoid: pterygoid fossa-pterygoid plate
Masseter: zygomatic arch-outer aspect of ramus.
7. Which muscles close the jaw? Lateral pterygoid, Anterior belly of digastric, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid
8. Which muscles open the jaw? 9. Which muscles protrude the jaw? Lateral pterygoid
10. Which muscle retrudes the jaw? Temporalis
11. Which muscle moves the jaw laterally? Lateral pterygoid
12. Which bones are involved when the TMJ articulates? Temporal bone and mandible
13. Name the fossa or bony indentation in which the condyle articulates? Give three names. Articular fossa, Glenoid fossa, Mandibular fossa
14. Which muscle of mastication inserts at or near the Pterygoid fovea (of condyle). Lateral pterygoid muscle
15. What movement occurs in the upper compartment of the synovial cavity? Gliding
16. What movement occurs in the lower compartment of the synovial cavity? Rotation
17. What separates the upper and lower synovial joint cavities? Joint disc or miniscus
18. What movements occur in the synovial cavities when the patient opens his mouth? Gliding; condyle and disc move anteriorly
Rotation; condyle rotates clockwise
19. What movements occur in the synovial cavities when the patient closes his mouth? Gliding; condyle and disc move posteriorly
Rotation; condyle rotates counter-clockwise
20. The articulating disk is made up of what type of tissue? Fibrous tissue
21. What is the function of the Temporomandibular joint ligament? Supports the capsule, Prevents excess retrusion, Located on the lateral side of each joint
22. What is the function of the Stylomandibular and Sphenomandibular ligaments
? Prevents excess protrusion (forward movement)
23. During an IA injection, which ligament can we contact? Sphenomandibular ligament
24 (a). Name the landmark posterior to the molars bordered by the internal and external oblique line. Retromolar triangle
24 (b). Name the landmark at the beginning of the internal and external oblique line. Coronoid notch
25. What is it called when the condyle moves too far anteriorly on the articular eminence and the patient cannot close their mandible? Subluxation
26. The common carotid splits into which two arteries? Internal and external carotid
27. What is the function of the carotid sinus? Homeostatic mechanisms for maintaining blood pressure
.
28. Name the eight branches of the external carotid artery. Superior thyroid artery, Facial, Occipital, Superficial temporal, Lingual, Ascending pharyngeal, Posterior Auricular,
Maxillary
29. Which arterial branch supplies blood to the tongue? Lingual artery
30. Which arterial branch supplies blood to the mandible? Inferior alveolar branch
of maxillary artery
31. Which arterial branch supplies blood to the maxilla? Maxillary artery, PSA, ASA
32. Which arterial branch supplies blood to the face? 33. Which arterial branch supplies blood to the muscles of mastication? Maxillary artery
34. Which cranial nerve innervates face movement? CN V- Trigeminal for mastication
CN VII-Facial for expressions
35. Which cranial nerve innervates the parotid gland? CN IX- Glossopharyngeal-
tympanic branch, lesser petrosal
36. Which cranial nerve innervates the Submandibular and Sublingual gland?
Name the parasympathetic branch, also. CN VII- Facial-Chorda Tympani nerve
37. Which of the major salivary glands is the largest (
in size
)? Parotid
38. Which of the major salivary glands produces the highest volume of saliva? Submandibular- 65%.
39. Which cranial nerve passes through the parotid gland without innervation? CN VII-facial
40. What is it called when the Facial Nerve malfunctions from an unknown cause? Bell's Palsy
41. What is it called when the trigeminal nerve develops pain and neuralgia? Give both names. Trigeminal neuralgia, Tic Doularoux
42. Where does the herpes virus lay dormant? Nerve ganglia
43. Where is the carotid sinus located? 44. Name the twelve cranial nerves: their opening, nerve type, Innervations. 45. Name the three extrinsic muscles of the tongue
, their function, and their nerve innervations. Genioglossus; Forward movement
Styloglossus; Backward movement
Hyoglossus; Pull tongue backward
46. Name the five Suprahyoid muscles and their function? Geniohyoid;
Mylohyoid;
Stylohyoid;
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Posterior belly of digastric;
Anterior belly of digastric;
47. Name the four Infrahyoid muscles and their function? Sternohyoid;
Sternothyroid;
Thyrohyoid;
Omohyoid;
All 4 depress the hyoid
48. Which muscle forms the anterior faucial pillar? Palatoglossus
49. Which muscle forms the posterior faucial pillar? Palatoglossus
50. (a) Which bone does the Foramen Magnum passes through? Occipital bone
50. (b) The Occipital condyle articulates with which structure of the cervical bone? 51. Which cranial nerve innervates the Buccinator m.? CN VII-Facial—buccal branch
52. Which two muscles meet (or originate) at the Pterygomandibular raphe? Buccinator,
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
53. Where are the sigmoid sinus and transverse sinus located? Cranial posterior fossa
54. And what is the function of the Sigmoid sinus & Transverse sinus? Drain the Dura Mater area of the brain INTO the Internal Jugular Vein
55. Where is the Pterygoid Plexus located in relation to the 3
rd molar? Superior to the apex of the 3rd molar- (posterior and superior)
56. Why are dental infections in the maxilla easily spread to the brain? No valves-because no valves of the sinuses and pterygoid plexus connects veins in the head surrounding the brain
57. Which vein drains the face? Facial vein
58. Which vein drains the maxilla? And which vein drains the mandible? PSA vein for maxillary,
IA for mandibular area, Both drains pterygoid plexus then into maxillary being then into retromandibular vein.
59. Name the three Jugular veins. Internal, external, anterior jugular vein
60. Which tissue areas does the internal jugular vein drain? Most of the head and
neck
Brain.
61. Which lymphatic nodes does an infection in the mandibular incisor teeth tissue area initially drain into? Submental lymph nodes
62. Which lymphatic nodes does an infection in the Maxillary 3
rd molars and tissue area initially drain into? Submandibular lymph nodes
63. Which lymphatic nodes does an infection in the rest of the teeth drain into? Submandibular lymph nodes.
64. The Pterygoid process is part of which bone? Sphenoid bone
65. The Hamulus is part of which part of the sphenoid bone? Medial pterygoid plate
66. Name the four tonsils and their locations.
67. What separates the anterior two-thirds from the posterior one-third of the
tongue? Terminal sulcus and circumvallate papillae.
68. Name the four muscles of the pharynx and their actions. Stylopharyngeus, Inferior, Middle,
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
69. Which nerve supplies the Stylopharyngeus muscle? CN IX-glossopharyngeal
70. Name the four muscles of the soft palate and their function.
Palatoglossus;
Palatopharyngeus;
Levator-veli palatini;
Tensor-veli palatini;
71. Which nerve supplies the tensor veil palatine? V3-Mandibular
72. Arrange the order of blood flow in the heart: starting from the brachial cephalic vein to the common carotid.
Superior and inferior vena cava, Right atrium, Tricuspid valve, Right ventricle, Pulmonary(semilunar) valve, Pulmonary artery, Lungs, Pulmonary vein, Left atrium, Mitral (bicuspid) valve, Left ventricle, Aortic valve, Pulmonary artery
73. Arrange in order the route of blood supply to the left side of the face: starting from the left ventricle. Left ventricle, Aorta, Brachiocephalic trunk, Common carotid artery, Internal carotid artery, External carotid artery, and Facial artery.
74. Where is the foramen Ovale located in the cranium? Between the right atrium and right ventricle
75. Which facial muscle is involved in grasping the oral saliva evacuator? Orbicularis oris
76. Which facial muscle is involved in a very tight lower lip when the hygienist tries to scale the lower mandibular teeth? Mentalis
77. Which facial muscle is involved in holding food when chewing food? Buccinator
78.
Which facial muscle is involved in grimacing? Platysma
(a) Which facial muscles make up the Epicranial muscles? Frontal belly, Galea aponeurotica, Occipital belly.
(b) Frowning Expression? 80. Name the nerves that supply all the teeth and corresponding soft tissue. Maxillary- PSA, MSA, ASA, NP, GP nerves, Mandibular- IA(long) buccal, lingual, mylohyoid, mental, incisive nerves
81. Name the three venous sinuses of the head.
82. Describe the Pterygoid Plexus
83. The Pterygoid Plexus Drains:
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84. Jugular Veins drain into =>________________vein => Superior vena cava =>Heart 85. What is the lymphatic system?
86. Which are components of the lymphatic system?
87. Superior deep cervical nodes are primary nodes for: 88. Inferior deep cervical nodes are primary nodes for: 89. (a) Lymphatic duct is the primary node for what? (b) Thoracic duct is the primary node for what? 90. The Final endpoint of lymphatic drainage is? 91. Right Jugular trunk lymph nodes: join ____________________ lymph nodes. Then converge to form the ______________ 92. Right Lymphatic Duct drains into the venous system at the junction of ____________ and __________ 93. Left Jugular Trunk Lymph nodes: join ___________________ lymph nodes. Then converge to form the ______________ 94. Thoracic Duct drains into the venous system at the junction of ____________ and __________ 95. Lymph nodes of the tonsils:
Primary lymph nodes –
Secondary lymph nodes –
Prominent lymph nodes for the tonsils – 96. Primary Lymph nodes for the following glands:
Lacrimal gland –
Parotid gland –
Submandibular gland –
Submental gland – 97. Primary Lymph nodes for the palate:
Hard palate Anterior 1/2 -
Hard palate posterior 1/2 -
Soft palate – 98. Primary Lymph nodes for the tongue:
Apex of the tongue –
Body of the tongue –
Center portion of the tongue –
Base of the tongue –
99. TMJ Lateral Movement – Unilateral movement: If mandible is deviating to the right: Movement Disc+Condyle Lateral pterygoid Right side/ Same side
____ motion in _____ synovial Muscle contraction? Y__ N__ Left side/ Contralateral side ____ motion in ______ synovial Muscle contraction? Y__ N__ 100. Cervical Lymph nodes & Nodal Level -
Identify the prominent lymph nodes per Nodal level & the primary & the secondary nodes Cervical Lymph nodes Nodal level Primary nodes for Secondary nodes is Superficial cervical - Submental nodes - Submandibular node - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Superior deep cervical - Jugulodigastric nodes - Inferior deep cervical - Jugulo-omohyoid nodes - ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Anterior jugular nodes – Supraclavicular nodes – 1.