Chapter 7 PD
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Name the ways HIV can be transmitted. Discuss major prevention strategies for HIV prevention
and control. Discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with each approach.
●
The ways HIV can be transmitted are through sexual contact, pregnancy, childbirth,
breast feeding, injection drug use, occupational exposure, blood transfusion, and organ
transplant. Major prevention strategies for HIV prevention and control include getting
tested for HIV, wearing condoms when participating in sexual interocurse, take
pre-exposure prophylaxis, and don’t share needles. A person getting tested for HIV
could be faced with no form of transportation, HIV kits being out of stock, refusing to get
tested, and the stigmatization and fear of confidentiality breach according to the National
Library of Medicine. The opportunity with this approach is that if it the test is positive you
can start treatment and if it is negative you can do things to prevent it. The challenges a
person can face when wearing condoms are allergies to latex, unitended pregnancies,
and it ripping cause HIV to be transmitted. The opportunites to wearing condoms is that
it allows you to stay healthy in the case that the other person does have HIV as well as
not getting pregnant. A person who wants to start taking pre-exposure prophylaxis
(PrEP) can be faced with challenges such as not being able to obtain it because of the
price if they don’t have health insurance. The opportunity this medication allows a person
to have if they are able to obtain is that it’s a great way to prevent getting HIV if a person
participates in needle drug use and sexual interourse.
Describe the biology and immunobiology of HIV infection. Describe how ARVs might interrupt
transmission
●
HIV depends on T lymphocytes to grow because they contain a surface protein CD4 that
allows entry to the cell and then kills it. It then starts to replicate itself into many more
and if it’s not prevented it can turn into AIDS. T lymphocytes are essential to the human
body because they protect us from other infections and diseases. AIDS is when the body
is no longer susceptible to fighting off disease because HIV has damaged the persons
immune system. ARVs could interrupt transmission by blocking it from reverse
transcription, which as we learned in order for the HIV virus to grow it needs the enzyme
reverse transcriptase. By doing taking ARVs it lowers the amount of HIV cells in your
blood and it reduces the amount of people who have HIV infecting those who don’t have
it.
Should HIV/AIDS prevention and control be fully integrated into national healthcare systems, or
should they remain quasi-vertical programs? Justify your answer.
●
I think that HIV/AIDS prevention and control should be fully integrated into the national
healthcare system. They allows those who have medicare and medicaid to access to
these healthcare benefits to be able to prevent HIV/AIDS. According to the National
Library of Medicine doing this in other services has been shown to improve the outcome
of the health problems occuring.
Citations
Bogoch, Isaac I et al. “Antiretroviral medication for preventing HIV infection in
nonoccupational settings.”
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de
l'Association medicale canadienne
vol. 184,10 (2012): 1153-7. doi:10.1503/cmaj.120267
Bulstra, Caroline A et al. “Integrating HIV services and other health services: A
systematic review and meta-analysis.”
PLoS medicine
vol. 18,11 e1003836. 9 Nov. 2021,
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003836
“Getting Tested.”
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, 22 June 2022,
w
www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/getting-tested.html.
“The Basics of HIV Prevention.”
National Institutes of Health
, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/basics-hiv-prevention.
Accessed 5 Mar. 2024.
Lashkari, Cashmere. "Condoms - Advantages and Disadvantages".
News-Medical
. 05
March 2024.
<https://www.news-medical.net/health/Condoms-Advantages-and-Disadvantages.aspx>.
Meka, Albert Frank Zeh et al. “Challenges and barriers to HIV service uptake and
delivery along the HIV care cascade in Cameroon.”
The Pan African medical journal
vol.
36 37. 27 May. 2020, doi:10.11604/pamj.2020.36.37.19046
Sever JL. HIV: biology and immunology. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1989 Sep;32(3):423-8. doi:
10.1097/00003081-198909000-00004. PMID: 2673592.
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