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South University, Savannah *
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Course
1014
Subject
Medicine
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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docx
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10
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Week 4 Project
Microscopic Structure of the Blood Vessels
A:
Artery
B:
Round
C:
Thick
D:
Vein
E:
Thin
F:
Squiggly
Tunica intima
Innermost tunic, thin tunic of capillaries
Tunica media
Contains smooth muscle and elastin
Tunica externa
Most superficial tunic, has smooth surface to decrease resistance to blood flow
2. Describe the role that valves play in returning blood to the heart.
valves help the return of blood to the heart by opening when the blood flows toward the heart and closing when blood might flow backward.
3. Name two events occurring within the body that aid in venous return.
The skeletal muscle pump and the respiratory pump.
4. Considering their functional differences, why do you think the walls of arteries are proportionately thicker than those of the corresponding veins?
Arteries must withstand high pressure and pressure fluctuations.
Veins are low pressure vessels.
Major Systemic Arteries and Veins of the Body
vessel that is paired in the venous system, but only a single vessel is present in the arterial system
brachiocephalic
these arteries supply the myocardium
coronary
two paired arteries serving the brain
internal carotid, vertebral
vein that runs between the cephalic and basilic veins
median cubital vein.
artery on the dorsum of the foot
dorsalis pedis artery main artery that serves the thigh muscles
femoral artery supplies the diaphragm
phrenic
formed by the union of the radial and ulnar veins
brachial
two superficial veins of the arm
basilic, cephalic
artery serving the kidney
renal
veins draining the liver
hepatic
artery that supplies the distal half of the large intestine
inferior mesenteric
divides into the external and internal carotid arteries
carotid
what the external iliac artery becomes on entry into the thigh
femoral
drains blood from the spleen, pancreas, and part of the stomach
The splenic vein
supplies most of the small intestine
celiac
join to form the inferior vena cava
illiac vein
an arterial trunk that has three major branches, which run to the liver, spleen, and stomach
celiac artery
major artery serving the tissues external to the skull
external carotid artery
four veins serving the leg
dermal/hypodermal, superficial, deep, and perforator veins
artery generally used to take the pulse at the wrist
radial artery 6. What is the function of the cerebral arterial circle?
to provide a collateral blood flow between the anterior and posterior arterial systems of the brain.
7. The anterior and middle cerebral arteries arise from the __________ artery.
internal carotid They serve the __________ of the brain.
cerebrum
8. Trace the pathway of a drop of blood from the aorta to the left occipital lobe of the brain, noting all structures through which it flows.
Aorta → subclavian artery → vertebral artery → basilar artery → posterior cerebral artery → occipital brain tissue.
A:
internal carotid artery
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B:
Vertebral artery
C:
aortic arch
D:
ascending aorta
E:
renal artery
F:
descending abdominal aorta
G:
Inferior mesenteric artery
H:
common iliac
I:
external iliac J:
internal iliac
K:
Femoral
L:
Popliteal artery
M:
posteriar tibial
N:
anterior tibial
O:
dorsalis pedis
P:
external carotid
Q:
left common carotid.
R:
left subclavin
S:
left axillary
T:
left brachial
U:
coeliac trunk
V:
superior mesenteric W:
left gonadal
X:
Radial artery
Y:
Ulnar artery
Z:
Superficial palmar arch
A:
external juglar B:
vertebral
C:
internal juglar
D:
superior vena cava
E:
hepatic portal
F:
inferior vena cava
G:
common iliac
H:
external iliac
I:
great saphenous
J:
femoral vein
K:
posterior fibial
L:
fibular
M:
anterior tibial
N:
dorsal venous arch
O:
left subclavian vein
P:
cephalic vein
Q:
brachial vein
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R:
basilic vein
S:
ulnar vein
T:
spleinic vein
U:
median cubital vein
V:
renal vein
W:
radial vein
X:
median antebrachial vein
Y:
inferior mesenteric vein Z:
iliac vein
AA:
great saphenous vein
10. Trace the blood flow from the mitral valve to the tricuspid valve by way
of the great toe.
Through the mitral valve into the left ventricle - common iliac artery - external iliac artery - posterior tibial artery - capillary beds - digital vein - plantar vein - posterior tibial vein - external iliac vein - common iliac
Pulmonary Circulation
11. Trace the pathway of a carbon dioxide gas molecule in the blood from the inferior vena cava until it leaves the bloodstream. Name all structures (vessels, heart chambers, and others) passed through en route.
Through the tricuspid valve, blood containing carbon dioxide enters the right
ventricle. Blood passes through the pulmonary valve into the large pulmonary arteries that bring carbon dioxide from the right ventricle to the lungs.
12. Most arteries of the adult body carry oxygen-rich blood, and the veins carry oxygen-poor blood. How does this differ in the pulmonary arteries and veins?
The pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood to the lungs, whereas the pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the
heart.
13. How do the arteries of the pulmonary circulation differ structurally from the systemic arteries? What condition is indicated by this anatomical difference?
pulmonary arteries are more like veins, with thin walls and almost no smooth muscle. Systemic arteries have thicker walls due to the presence of a smooth muscle layer. The pulmonary circulation is a low-pressure system compared to the high-pressure system of the systemic circuit.
Hepatic Portal Circulation
14. Why is the blood that drains into the hepatic portal circulation nutrient-rich?
Because the blood directly receives the nutrients in food from the small intestine
15. Why is this blood carried to the liver before it enters the systemic circulation?
because the blood from these organs is rich in nutrients, alcohol, drugs, and potentially toxic substances that the liver needs to metabolize, neutralize, and detoxify
A:
splenic
B:
superior mesenteric C:
splenic
D:
spleen
E:
pancreas
F:
stomach
G:
superior mesenteric H:
small intestine I:
part of the large intestine J:
stomach
K:
inferior mesenteric
L:
distal portion of the large intestine
M:
rectum
17. Trace the flow of a drop of blood from the small intestine to the right atrium of the heart, noting all structures encountered or passed through on the way.
Capillaries of small intestine → superior mesenteric vein → hepatic portal vein → liver sinusoids → hepatic vein → inferior vena cava → right atrium of heart
Clinical/Critical Thinking
18. A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line involves the use of a long, thin tube to deliver medications or nutrients to a patient. For adult patients, it is usually inserted into the right cephalic vein, Trace the route that a medication would take to reach the right atrium. List all vessels on the route.
right cephalic vein
right subclavian vein
right brachiocephalic vein
superior vena cava
coronary sinus
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right atrium
^ all deoxygenated
19. A patient with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (IFDVT) has a blood clot located in the femoral or external iliac vein. Such a patient is at risk of the clot traveling to the lungs, resulting in a pulmonary embolism. Trace the route of the clot from the femoral vein to the pulmonary artery. List all vessels on the route.
femoral vein
external iliac
common iliac
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus
right atrium
right ventricle
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary artery
^ all deoxygenated