Journal Article Analysis

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Maddie Servé Basic Article Information Title of Article “Cancer risk in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: a nationwide cohort study” Title of Journal “British Journal of Cancer” Author(s) Y-K Chen, C-L Lin, F T-F Cheng, F-C Sung & C-H Kao Year of Publication October 01, 2013 Abstract (Copy and Paste or Screenshot) Research Questions and/or Hypotheses (Copy and Paste or Screenshot) Personal Relevance What interested you in this article (1-2 sentences) Journal Article Analysis

I was most interested in this article because I have Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and I wanted to know more on this topic and the risk of thyroid cancer. Participants and Recruitment How many participants or units of analysis were studied? Do you feel this was a sufficient number to answer the Research Questions and/or Hypotheses (why or why not)? 1,521 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis cases and 6,084 references were used as participants in this study. I feel this is a sufficient number to answer the hypothesis because it is a very large number of people and the more people the more precise the data is going to be. How were participants recruited (or units of analysis selected)? What’s one potential problem with the approach taken by the authors? The participants were recruited by being newly diagnosed with Hashimoto’s and excluded any with history of malignant cancer. And, it was randomly selected around age, gender, and when they were diagnosed with Hashimoto’s. One potential problem with this approach is it isn’t constant with its selection so people could have other underlying factors that could contribute to Hashimoto’s and cancer. Methodology Was the study cross sectional or longitudinal. Explain why this was or was not a good choice. This was a longitudinal study because it carried the same people throughout a long period of time. I felt this was a good choice for this study because you can see what came about it a longer time frame. What is the primary research design of this article? (e.g. survey, ethnography, experiment, field observation, content analysis, focus groups/interviews, etc.). The primary research design for this experiment was content analysis. They looked for people with one theme which was people who ended up getting malignant cancer and how Hashimoto’s was an increasing factor. Was the above approach a good choice for the research questions? Why or why not? How might a different approach have been better? 2

Yes, I feel it was a good choice because the main objective was to see if Hashimoto’s disease increased your chances of getting malignant cancer. So, having one theme to look out for helped aide this research. What instruments, tests, measurements, or other methods of analysis do the authors use to investigate their research questions and hypotheses? Are these quality choices? Why or why not? The authors used the NHIRD to identify participants and then used a Cox proportional hazard model to measure risk of developing cancer for Hashimoto’s recipients. They also used the Kaplan-Meier method to compare both cohorts and tests run to examine differences. Credibility Was there any external funding reported for this article? If so, do you feel that it may have impacted the results? Why or why not? There was no external funding reported in this article, however, I don’t see it impacting results because I don’t feel anything could bias these results. I feel there was set criteria and I don’t think anything could’ve changed the outcome. Who would you say is the most credible person affiliated with this article? Are they sufficiently credible to trust the results? Why or why not? I feel C-H Kao is the most credible person affiliated with this article. I feel you can trust their results because they are from the Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center at China Medical University Hospital. They also graduated from the institute of Clinical Medicine Science and School of Medicine as well as College of Medicine at China Medical university. C-H Kao also has published 26 articles on Nature Portfolio. How credible is the journal within which this article is published? Does it operate under a pay-to-publish system? Are there credible individuals on the editorial staff or editorial board? When was it established? 3

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I feel British Journal of cancer is very reputable and a very top cited journal that commits to publishing evolutionary and clinical trials in cancer research. It was established in 1947. Also, authors to publish need to have a standard License to publish on this site. Some credible staff apart of British Journal of Cancer consist of Jay W Fox who is a professor of Department of Microbiology and director of Cancer Biology at the School of Medicine Infrastructure and even associate director of UVA Cancer Center. There is also Dr. Madelon L. Finkel who is professor of Healthcare Policy, Research and director of Office of Global Health Education, and course director of the Department of Healthcare Policy and Research. And finally, there is Dr. Jorge F. Cameselle Teijerio who is director of Clinical Oncology Research Center ADICAM in Spain. According to Google Scholar, how many other scholarly publications have cited this article? 115 publications have cited this article. Find one other article that has pursued a similar line of study and determine whether the results align with your primary article. Another article that has a similar topic to this study is “Is Hashimoto thyroiditis associated with increasing risk of thyroid malignancies? A systematic review and meta- analysis.” This study aligns with my original article because it has also determined that Hashimoto’s has a significant association with malignant cancers. Discussion and Limitations Which of the limitations of the article that the researchers discuss do you find to be the most significant? Copy and paste the limitation and then justify your choice in your own words. (If the authors do not describe limitations, skip this step) “The NHIRD does not provide detailed patient information, such as smoking habits, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, socioeconomic status, and family history of cancer” is the biggest limitation I found from the limitations discussed. I feel not knowing a detailed history of patients is a big limitation because, while, Hashimoto’s can be the cause of malignant cancer so could other underlying factors that they don’t know about. Name at least one limitation the author’s do not discuss and briefly discuss why it might influence the results. 4

One limitation the article doesn’t discuss is that the people chosen are completely random of age, gender, and other factors. Which partially plays in with the limitation above, however, they don’t point out this specific limitation. This specific limitation might influence results by having other correlations that are the cause of malignant cancers. How do you feel the limitation described above should influence your interpretation of the data? I feel that the limitation above is a huge factor in whether I should interpret this data positively or negatively. However, how they studies played out and how the results came about I feel I can trust this data. Which of the implications of the article that the researchers discuss do you find to be the most interesting? Copy and paste the implication and then justify your choice in your own words. (If the authors do not describe implications, discuss an implication of the study that you came up with on your own and justify its significance.) "Patients with HT had a statistically significant higher incidence density ratio of colorectal, breast, uterus, prostate, kidney, thyroid, and hematologic cancer compared with the comparison cohort” is the most interesting implication that researchers discussed because by having a thyroid disease it can cause all different types of cancers not just thyroid cancer. Personal Application After reviewing this article, how will your life be different? Will it directly impact your beliefs or actions? Will you be more likely to look at academic research in the future? My life will be different because I do suffer from Hashimoto’s. Because my levels are currently stable, they are eventually not going to be stable. I need to take better care of my health and make sure to make all my endocrinologist’s appointments and doctor appointments just to better myself. After this article I found I have a better chance of developing other forms of cancers, so I need to make sure I am frequently checking up on myself. I will most likely look into more academic research with being in a healthcare field and just for my general wellbeing. Cite: Chen, YK., Lin, CL., Cheng, FF. et al. Cancer risk in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: a nationwide cohort study. Br J Cancer 109, 2496–2501 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2013.597 Abbasgholizadeh, P., Naseri, A., Nasiri, E. et al. Is Hashimoto thyroiditis associated with increasing risk of thyroid malignancies? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thyroid Res 14, 26 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13044-021-00117-x 5