AP 2 LAB 4
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School
University of California, Berkeley *
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Course
102
Subject
Medicine
Date
Nov 24, 2024
Type
Pages
4
Uploaded by arirai
Key Terms
● Arteries\
Conducting arteries-aorta large arteries that exit from heart. These arteries have ability
to expand as heart beats because they have elastic tissue.
Atherosclerosis stiffens arteries since they lose elastic tissue which increases BP which could
lead to aneurysm (weak point in blood vessel/artery where the thin-walled area could weaken
and rupture leading to death or stroke)
Distributing arteries-direct branches from conducting arteries can also be called medium or
muscular arteries. Have thick muscular wall which can have up to 40 layers of smooth muscle in
order to withstand bp. Muscular wall makes up 75% of wall. Ex. brachial, femoral artery/
Resistance arteries-small arteries that are very numerous which branch into metarterioles that
link blood into capillaries.
Capillaries-thin walled, exchange of nutrients and gasses to supply muscles and organs.
● Veins
Afferent, carry de-O2 blood besides pulm vein. Resting person-approx 11% of blood is in
systemic arteries and 54% is in veins. Veins are lower in BP since they’re farther from heart.
Veins follow opposite mapping circuit since they go from small veins->larger veins.
Post-capillary venules-small veins called venules which lead to larger but still small muscular
venules which lead to medium veins-drain blood from muscles and organs out of body. Contain
valves-enfoldings of tissue that extend into lumen of vein and point upwards towards heart.
Skeletal muscles surrounding veins help pump blood up venous system. Muscles in calf push
blood up valve which will shut inferior valve to prevent backflow of blood known as skeletal
muscle pump. Improper pumping can lead to varicose veins.
Medium veins go to venous sinuses-large vessels with thin walls but large lumens such as
coronary sinus of heart. Dural sinuses of brain is another example.
Large veins-superior and inferior vena cava that brings blood directly to heart
● Afferent
Veins. Carry blood toward heart
● Efferent
Arteries. Carry blood away from heart
● Capacitance Vessels
Veins. Since they hold large amounts of blood and can stretch easily than arteries. Have
thin flaccid walls.
● Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
● Ascending Aorta
● Descending Aorta
● Right/Left Coronary Arteries and Sinus
Coronary sinus dumps into right atrium after getting DE-O2 blood from coronary
capillaries.
● Aortic Arch
Leads to descending aorta, AArch includes right brachiocepahlic, left common carotid,
left subclavian
● Thoracic Aorta
In chest cavity
● Abdominal Aorta
In abdominal cavity
● Right /Left Brachiocephalic Arteries
14:25 RBCepahlic branch leads to right subclavian and right vertebral
Can lead to right common carotid which goes into right internal and right external carotid.
● Right/Left Common Carotid Arteries
Left common carotid branches into left external and left internal carotid.
● Right/Left Subclavian Arteries
Right subclavian turns into right axillary to deliver blood to right arm.
Left subclavian branches to left vertebral and left axillary.
● Right/Left Vertebral Arteries
Right vertebral artery and left vertebral artery travel through cervical vert to merge into
basilar artery
● Basilar Artery
Leads to circle of willis
● Circle of Willis
Circle arterial pathway in brain to feed brain tissue with blood, provides
collateral/alternative blood routes in case of blockage
After brain, blood drains into venous sinuses
● Internal Jugular Vein
After venous sinuses and then into brachiocephalic vein
● Brachiocephalic Veins
Goes into superior vena cava and then into heart
● Vertebral Vein
Posterior drainage of brain, leads to subclaviajn bran
● Subclavian Vein
Leads to brachiocephalic before sup vena cava and then heart
● Right/Left Internal Carotid Arteries
Leads into circle of willis
● Right/Left External Carotid Arteries
Supplies blood to face and scalp
● Right/Left Axillary Arteries
Left ax-supplies left arm
Right axillary leads to right brachial artery.
Brachial artery divides into brachial and ulnar artery.
● Radial Artery & Vein
● Ulnar Artery & Vein
● Superficial Palmar Arch
Networks of arteries to supply hand with blood
● Deep Palmar Arch
● Superficial Venous Palmar Arch
● Deep Venous Palmar Arch
● Anastomosis
● Common Palmar Digital Digital Arteries
Supply fingers with blood
● Proper Palmar Digital Arteries
● Digital Veins
● Cephalic Vein
● Basilic Vein
● Median Cubital Vein
Small vein across crease of elbow, common with blood draws. Allows blocked cephalic
vein to drain into basilic vein
● Axillary Vein
Shoulder, dumps into subclavian vein, into brachiocephalic vein which enters into
superior vena cava into right atrium of heart.
Descending aorta goes to common iliac artery (two branches)
● External Iliac Artery & Vein
Branch that feeds leg from Common iliac artery
● Internal Iliac Artery & Vein
Feeds into abdominal viscera and pelvic viscera and provides blood flow to pelvic organs
● Femoral Artery
External iliac artery named this, when it hits knee is renamed popliteal artery
● Popliteal Artery
Divides intoi ant and post tibial artery
● Anterior Tibial Artery & Vein
Branches into numerous arteries of foot
● Posterior Tibial Artery & Vein
● Great Saphenous Vein
Come upwards and dumps blood to femoral vein. Ant tibial and post tibial vein goes to
popliteal vein and then into femoral vein and then into external iliac vein and then into common
iliac vein and then inferior vena cava and then heart.
Most commonly used for bypasses. Easily accessible and strong.
● Pericardial Arteries & Veins
Come off thoracic aorta
● Bronchial Artery & Vein
Also off thoracic aorta, supplies bronchial tubes, lungs, and esophagus.
● Esophageal Artery & Vein
Also off thoracic aorta, supplies esophagus with blood
● Mediastinal Artery & Vein
Off t. Aorta, Supplies mediastinum with blood
● Posterior Intercostal/Subcostal Arteries & Veins
Off thoracic aorta, supplies intercostal and pectoral muscles.
● Superior Phrenic Artery
Last artery off thoracic aorta, supplies blood to diaphragm
Venous drainage off above diaphragm. Left side and right side drainage of venous blood is
different.
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● Azygos Vein
Where all veins converge, right side of aorta, drains into superior vena cava.
● Hemiazygos Vein
Differs because this is present in left side and not right side drainage. Then goes into
azygos vein.
● Celiac Artery
Off abd aorta, supplies esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen, duodenum
● Superior Mesenteric Artery & vein
Sup artery supplies s. Intestine, pancreas, cecum, ascending colon, right transverse
colon
● Suprarenal Arteries & Vein
Leads to adrenal glands, sit on top of kidneys
● Renal Arteries & Veins
Supply kidneys
● Gonadal Arteries & Veins
Supply gonads
● Inferior Mesenteric Artery & Vein
Supplies left transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon, and rectum
● Lumbar Artery
SUpplies spinal cord, meninges, lumbar region of back
● Common Iliac Artery
Left and right.
● Internal Iliac Artery & Vein
Branches from common iliac artery. Supplies uterus, vagina, bladder, vas deferns, and
prostate
● External Iliac Artery
Off common iliac artery, branches lower extremities
● Middle Sacral Artery
Off abd aorta, supplies sacrum, coccyx, rectum, gluteal muscles
● Splenic Vein
Spleen, pancreas, stomach part of colon
● Hepatic Portal Vein
Where superior and mesenteric veins enter
● Hepatic Vein
Goes into inf vena cava