Week 2 Vane Motor EFF

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Centennial College *

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Apr 3, 2024

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Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Week 2 College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 1 College Course Title Robo 241 Lab Title Vane Motor Volumetric Efficiency Student Name Instructor
Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Week 2 College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 2 Vane Motor A hydraulic motor converts fluid power into mechanical power in the form of rotational motion. Motors take pump’s flow and system pressure as their input and output rotational motion and torque. Motor displacement is the volume of fluid required to rotate a motor one revolution. Increasing the displacement of a motor decreases its speed because it requires more fluid to turn it each revolution. Increasing displacement increases torque. Decreasing motor displacement increase speed while decreasing torque. If the load resists the rotation of the shaft, pressure builds until sufficient torque overcomes the resistance of the load. If the maximum system pressure is not sufficient to overcome the load, the motor will stall and generate torque, but no motion. Output horsepower can be calculated when both torque and speed are known. Motors like pumps and all other power transmission devices are not 100% efficient. Motors have both mechanical losses due to friction and volumetric losses due to leakage. The mechanical efficiency of a hydraulic motor is the ratio of actual torque to the theoretical torque while volumetric efficiency is ratio of theoretical flow to the actual flow at a given speed. Mechanical, volumetric, and overall efficiencies are all performance characteristics of a motor. This information is general displayed in a graphical format. Data contain in the graph display information for a particular fluid type, temperature and viscosity. An example is standard hydraulic oil at 120 degrees and 100 SUS viscosity. Learning Outcomes At the conclusion of this lab, you will be able to: Identify the various components of the Vane Motor Efficiency Test using the Wheel Stand Brake. Reference pressure drop across the vane motor, flow rate into the motor, rpm out of the motor Calculate the volumetric efficiency of the vane motor at various pressure differentials and varying flow rates Create graphs to illustrate the results of efficiency test. State conclusions based on your data pertaining to pressure, flow, torque, and efficiency Use AutoCad to draw the complete hydraulic Power Unit with Vane Motor circuit and the test Wheel Stand Brake using a combination of ANSI and Mechanical symbols Calculate Torque output Describe the machine’s sequence of operation Troubleshoot the machine sequence and operation as required
Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Week 2 College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 3 Work in compliance with the Ontario //Health and Safety Act and the College’s Safety Standards during the performance of the lab exercise
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Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Week 2 College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 4 Procedure Step #1 Locate and identify the pressure, return and drain hoses attached to the Hydraulic Power Unit. Connect the pressure, return and drain hoses attached to the hydraulic Power Unit to the quick disconnects on the DCV located on the Wheel Stand Brake Install hydraulic tees with Pressure Gauges attached on to the Wheel Stand Brake’s Vane Motor inlet and out ports. Connect the Wheel Stand Brake’s pneumatic foot pedal’s inlet air hose to lab’s air supply line on the wall. The wall supply line will have a regulator attached. Set the regulator to 20 P.S.I. Connect the 120 volts electrical power cord attached to the Wheel Stand Brake’s yellow power box to wall 120 electrical outlet. Locate the reflective strip of tape located on both the Vane Motor’s coupling and a second strip on the rim of the Wheel Stand Brake’s tire Turn the by-pass valve on the hydraulic Power Unit fully open. Turn the swash plate's adjusting handle for maximum angle, hence maximum volume. Start the hydraulic Power Unit and let run the unit run for approximately 1 minute to warm the hydraulic fluid Slowly close the by-pass valve on the Power Unit (non-passing). Readjust the Power Unit’s swashplate plate adjusting handle to set the unit’s output flow to 12 G.P.M. as indicated on the Digital Flow Meter.
Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Week 2 College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 5 Draw a five column, 10-row table on the chalkboard and your notebook with the headings illustrated below. Brake Air Pressure PSI Flow (Q) into the Vane Motor (G.P.M.) Actual Vane Motor Rev/min Pressure @ the inlet of the vane motor Pressure @ the outlet of the vane motor Jog the Wheel Stand Brake Wheels by depressing and releasing quickly the DCV solenoid pushbutton located on the power box marked with the X Identify and record the direction of rotation of the Vane motor. Press and hold briefly the DCV solenoid’s pushbutton again while stepping on the Wheel Stand Brake’s Foot Pedal, which applies a braking effort to the wheels. This resistance might or may not stop the rotation of the wheels. Quickly read and record the data required to complete all five columns on the table Do not hold the foot pedal as excessive application of the brakes will heat up the brake pads causing excessive wear to the brake pads. With both the DCV and Foot Pedal released increase the air supply pressure to the brake by 1 P.S.I. Repeat the above procedure and collect the data for the table for this new brake pressure. Continue to increase the brake pressure in 1-psi increments taking the appropriate readings each increment. Ensure that the readings are accurately. Release the foot pedal each time before the air pressure is increased. Step #2 Repeat the above procedure for a second time, this time adjust recording all the reads when the power unit’s swashplate plate adjusting handle is set to an output flow of 6 G.P.M.as indicated on the Digital Flow Meter
Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Week 2 College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 6 |When the inlet pressure to the Vane Motor reaches 1200 psi; record both the wheel and motor coupling RPM. Wheel RPM Motor Coupling RPM Using a tape measure ,measure and record the tire’s radius in inches Turn the swashplates adjusting handle to the minimum angle Turn the by-pass handle to the fully passing position Turn the Hydraulic Power Unit “off” Remove the working, return and drain lines from the Wheel Stand Brake and hang on wall fixture Summary When the volumetric efficiency is lower (the leakage is higher) The performance of a particular motor may be significantly different for others fluids and operating conditions Input flow versus drive speed Integrate the Concepts
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Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Week 2 College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 7 When choosing the type of hydraulic motor for use in a hydraulic circuit, always consider the total cost of the motor include its purchase price plus operating cost. Inefficiencies in the hydraulic motor will add sufficiently to the total cost of the motor over its life expectancy of 5 years. Viscosity of the hydraulic fluid is of major importance for the life of the hydraulic motor. (Lubrication) All fixed displacement motors manufactured today are of a Balanced Design. Submission Requirements Note: To receive full credit for this lab, please include all of the requirements listed below. Type the lab report in its entirety. Allow only one exception that being the pencil schematics drawing the lab report will include marks for using the correct format, thoroughness and neatness. This is 4th semester/ graduation semester for the technicians and therefore the quality of work submitted by the student must meet industry standards in preparation for entry into the work place. 1. Title Page: 2. Abstract: short description of the objectives of the lab as identified by the learning outcomes 3. Introduction : short description of the problem being addressed by the laboratory exercise 4. Procedure: reference only the procedure provided by the instructor. 5. Equipment List: only list equipment not found on the Power Unit. Results: (Show all formulas and calculations to display the results of the following questions.) a) Include both performance Lab Tables with their corresponding data in the result section of your report. b) Calculate the Gear Ration of the Wheel Stand Brake transmission using Wheel RPM compared the Motor coupling RPM
Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Week 2 College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 8 c) Using values from the table of pump’s output of 12 gpm, calculate the theoretical speed (RPMs) at 6 different flow rate inputs to the Vane Motor d) Using values from the table of pump’s output of 6 gpm, calculate the theoretical speed (RPMs) at 6 different flow rate inputs to the Vane Motor e) Calculate the volumetric efficiency of the Vane Motor for each of those 12 theoretical speeds. f) Calculate the maximum Drive Torque (TA) at the Vane Motor output shaft. Use the value of delta pressure of 1200 psi for your calculation. g) Calculate the Output Torque at the gear transmissions output. Use the calculated Gear Ratio of the transmission and an efficiency factor for the transmission of 96%. h) Calculate the wheel circumference. i) Calculate the RPM at the Axle for a vane motor speed of 1200 rpm. j) Calculate the maximum velocity of the wheel in MPH (miles per hour) k) Plot on a single X-Y graph, two single line plots (6 gpm and 12 gpm) to illustrate the relationship between Pressure Drop and Volumetric Efficiency l) Plot on a single X-Y graph, two single line plots (6 gpm and 12 gpm) to illustrate the relationship between the Volumetric Efficiency (percentage) versus Motor Drive Speed. m) Plot on a single X-Y graph, two single line plots (6 gpm and 12 gpm) to illustrate the relationship between the Input Flow (Q) versus Motor Drive Speed. n) Using a AutoCAD , illustrate the circuit schematic of the Hydraulic Power Unit using ANSI symbols and include your attached illustration of Wheel Test Stand represented by mechanical symbols
Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Week 2 College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 9 Discussion and Conclusions: interprets your results. i. Define the term displacement as it applies to a hydraulic motor. ii. State the function of motor speed. iii. State what is meant by the term “minimum motor speed” iv. What are the two major factors that affect the volumetric efficiency of a hydraulic motor? v. What effect do internal parts wear in a hydraulic motor have on its efficiency? vi. State what affect input flow rate has on the speed of a hydraulic motor vii. Explain why an increase in pressure drop across a hydraulic motor will reduce its efficiency. viii. When ask to identify the working condition of a hydraulic motor, what measurement would you identify to your supervisor? Formulas and Specifications for this Lab: The displacement of the vane motor is 2.16 cu.in/rev The efficiency of the Wheel Stand Brake transmission is 96% The formula for Wheel Stand transmission (gear Ratio) is: Wheel (rpm) Gear Ratio = The formula for efficiency using speed is: Vane Motor Coupling (rpm) Volumetric efficiency ( = The formula for calculating theoretical speed is: Speed theoretical (N) =
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Theoretical Torque = Industrial Hydraulics for Colleges Week 2 College Credits: Paul Bligdon Page 10 The formula for calculating the theoretical torque is (@ 1200 psi) The formula for calculating the actual torque at the wheels is: Torque (in.lbs.) = ∆P X Vd X n (vol) X gear ratio X n (gear) 2 ¶ Common Motor Formulas