Lab 4

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LeTourneau University *

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2231

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Mechanical Engineering

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Dec 6, 2023

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LeTourneau University AVTC2231 Intro Aircraft Systems Laboratory PROJECT NUMBER: AVTC2231-04 TITLE: Filters, Accumulators and Reservoirs REFERENCE(S): ASA-A Textbook Pg. 347-349, 373-377 AC65-15A Pg. 313-318, 324-326 Fluid Power for Aircraft Pg. 77-89 Http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/Hydr05.htm (Reservoir Design) Http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/Hydr06.htm (Cavitation) Http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/Hydr07.htm (Press. Reservoirs) Http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/Hydr11.htm (Accumulators) LAB EQUIPMENT: Various Hydraulic Filters, Accumulators and Reservoirs REQUIRED TOOLS: Combination Wrenches Socket and Ratchet Set Screw Drivers Pliers Flashlight/Drop light LAB OBJECTIVES: 1. The student will identify and describe the operation and repair of standard hydraulic power system filters, reservoirs, and accumulators. LAB OVERVIEW: This project will allow you to explore the operation of hydraulic system filters, reservoirs, and accumulators. In addition to studying filters and accumulators in the lab, you will inspect the hydraulic system on the Sabreliner and service an accumulator. LAB PREPARATION: 1. With exception of the AC65-15A reference, read the references listed above. LAB PROCEDURES: 1. Analyze the operation of a hydraulic system filter. (55 min.) 2. Record type and model/serial number of the filter provided by the instructor on the signoff sheet at the end of this project. A. Using the proper tools, and methods, carefully disassemble the filter. School of Aeronautical Science Page 4 - a

LeTourneau University B. Using references, determine operating principles of the filter including fluid flow. 1) Draw a simple, cross section sketch of the filter showing all parts and seals. Make sure to label all parts and indicate fluid flow direction. (You will need this drawing for your report so be thorough.) C. Explain the operation of the filter to the instructor utilizing the filter and your drawings as appropriate. 1) Have instructor initial your signoff sheet for this filter. D. Reassemble your filter. 1) Any defective parts should be replaced and the filter should be reassembled to airworthy standards including seals and safety wire. 2) Don’t forget to complete and attach a return to service tag. 3) Have instructor initial your signoff sheet for the reassembly of this filter. 3. Analyze the operation of a second hydraulic system filter. (55 min.) 4. Record type and model/serial number of the filter provided by the instructor on the signoff sheet at the end of this project. A. Using the proper tools, and methods, carefully disassemble the filter. B. Using references, determine operating principles of the filter including fluid flow. 1) Draw a simple, cross section sketch of the filter showing all parts and seals. Make sure to label all parts and indicate fluid flow direction. (You will need this drawing for your report so be thorough.) C. Explain the operation of the filter to the instructor utilizing the filter and your drawings as appropriate. 1) Have instructor initial your signoff sheet for this filter. D. Reassemble your filter. 1) Any defective parts should be replaced and the filter should be reassembled to airworthy standards including seals and safety wire. 2) Don’t forget to complete and attach a return to service tag. 3) Have instructor initial your signoff sheet for the reassembly of this filter. 5. Analyze the operation of a piston type accumulator. (30 min.) 6. Record type and model/serial number of the accumulator provided by the instructor on the signoff sheet at the end of this project. A. Using the proper tools, and methods, carefully disassemble the accumulator. B. Using references, determine operating principles of the accumulator including fluid flow. 1) Draw a simple, cross section sketch of the accumulator showing all parts and seals. Make sure to label all parts and indicate fluid flow direction. (You will need this drawing for your report so be thorough.) C. Explain the operation of the accumulator to the instructor utilizing the accumulator and your drawings as appropriate. 1) Have instructor initial your signoff sheet for this filter. School of Aeronautical Science Page 4 - b

LeTourneau University D. Reassemble your accumulator. 1) Any defective parts should be replaced and the accumulator should be reassembled to airworthy standards including seals and safety wire. 2) Don’t forget to complete and attach a return to service tag. 3) Have instructor initial your signoff sheet for the reassembly of this accumulator. 7. Analyze the operation of a bladder or diaphragm type accumulator. (30 min.) 8. Record type and model/serial number of the accumulator provided by the instructor on the signoff sheet at the end of this project. A. Using the proper tools, and methods, carefully disassemble the accumulator. B. Using references, determine operating principles of the accumulator including fluid flow. 1) Draw a simple, cross section sketch of the accumulator showing all parts and seals. Make sure to label all parts and indicate fluid flow direction. (You will need this drawing for your report so be thorough.) C. Explain the operation of the accumulator and high-pressure air valve to the instructor utilizing the accumulator and your drawings as appropriate. 1) Have instructor initial your signoff sheet. D. Reassemble your accumulator. 1) Any defective parts should be replaced and the accumulator should be reassembled to airworthy standards including seals and safety wire. 2) Don’t forget to complete and attach a return to service tag. 3) Have instructor initial your signoff sheet for the reassembly of this accumulator. 9. Inspect Sabreliner hydraulic system reservoir and accumulator. (50 min.) A. Determine the procedures used to service the hydraulic system reservoir. 1) Follow manufacturer’s instructions carefully! Make sure that you know the correct position of system actuators before checking fluid level. 2) Locate the hydraulic system reservoir in the Sabreliner and determine fluid level. B. Determine the procedures used to charge the accumulator. 1) Make sure you know correct procedures and pressures. 2) Locate the accumulator and determine the pre-load. C. Explain the above procedures to the instructor and have him initial your signoff sheet. School of Aeronautical Science Page 4 - c

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LeTourneau University LAB REPORT: 1. Answer the following questions: A. What are the three types of accumulators used in aircraft hydraulic systems? Bladder-type, diaphragm-type and piston-type. B. Explain the proper way to check an accumulator air preload charge on an aircraft system that does not have a pressure gauge. Build up hydraulic system pressure with the hand pump until the system pressure gage indicates rated pressure. Very slowly bleed the pressure off by operating some component such as the flaps. Watch the pressure gage carefully while the pressure is bleeding down. This indication will decrease slowly until the preload pressure is reached, and then it will drop instantly to zero. The pressure indicated on the gage just before its sudden drop is the accumulator preload air pressure. C. What else may be used in place of an air charge in an accumulator? Nitrogen charge D. Why is an air valve usually installed on the bottom of the accumulator, rather than at the top? So if there is a leak it can be seen dripping down on the air valve side E. How are the following air valves identified and serviced? 1) AN812 – It is identified by the letter H embossed on the end of the stem. To deflate, do not press the valve stem but loosen the valve body in the accumulator. The bleed hole on the side of the valve allows the air to leak past the loosened bend. 2) AN6287 – It has a valve core similar to the one used in the AN812 valve, but it has a swivel nut around the stem. To charge an accumulator with this valve, remove the protective cap from the valve, attach the charging hose to the valve, and loosen the swivel nut one turn, loosening the swivel nut backs the valve body off enough to allow air to pass into the accumulator. To deflate an accumulator with this valve, remove the protective cap, loosen the swivel nut one turn, and depress the stem of the valve core. 3) MS28889 – This valve and the AN6287 valves are similar in appearance, except that there is no valve core in the MS28889 valve, and its swivel nut is the same size and body of the valve. To charge an accumulator with this valve, remove the protective cap, install the charging hose on the valve, loosen the swivel nut, and allow air to flow into the accumulator. To discharge the accumulator, remove the protective cap and loosen the swivel nut. F. How are the different filter types serviced? Surface filters usually have a bypass valve built into them that opens to allow the fluid to bypass the element if it should become clogged. Wire mesh and some other sintered metal filter elements may be cleaned or reused, but others, such as some of the latest filter elements that are known as 5-micron noncleanable elements, these elements are made of a combination of organic and inorganic fibers integrally bonded with epoxy resin and faced with metallic mesh on both sides for protection and added mechanical strength. These elements should never be cleaned but are replaced on a regular maintenance schedule. G. What must be done before servicing a hydraulic component in a system that is pressurized? All the pressure must be bled off. H. What steps should be followed before attempting to service a pressurized reservoir? Decrease the system pressure to zero, as this will return the maximum amount of fluid to the reservoir. If the reservoir is filled when the accumulator is charged with fluid, it will be overfull when the accumulator is discharged. 2. Using the sketch from step 1 produce a color drawing (computer or hand generated) of the School of Aeronautical Science Page 4 - d

LeTourneau University filter. Be sure to include labels for all parts and indicate fluid flow. 3. Using the sketch from step 3, produce a color drawing (computer or hand generated) of the piston accumulator. Be sure to include labels for all parts and indicate fluid flow. 4. Using the sketch from step 4, produce a color drawing (computer or hand generated) of the bladder or diaphragm accumulator. Be sure to include labels for all parts and indicate fluid flow. School of Aeronautical Science Page 4 - e

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LeTourneau University Name:_____________________ Instructor Signoff Sheet for Project #4 Type of Component Model/Serial No. 1 st Signature (explanation) 2 nd Signature (reassembly) 1. Filter, 2. Filter, 3. Accumulator, Piston 4. Accumulator, 5. Sabreliner Scoring: 10 Cover Sheet/Format/etc. 15 Drawings 10 Questions 5 Sign-offs ___________________________ 40 Total Points School of Aeronautical Science Page 4 - g