Simulation Prep CAD

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University of Louisville *

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356

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Mechanical Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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CAD Simulation Prep Work Approximate Time for Completion = 2 hours Prior to arriving, you should answer the following questions and complete the following activities. Completion of this assigned prepwork will account for 25 points of your weekly work. Examples of a completed template are available under the weekly clinical prep work folder. Scenario: Mrs. Pamela Jones is a 68 y/o female who presented to the hospital with complaints of diaphoresis, weakness, and neck pain that radiated to her jaw. She states that when she got up and walked around, the pain got worse and was accompanied by difficulty breathing. Her admission diagnosis was Unstable Angina. The patient has been admitted for observation. History:  Diabetes Type II  HTN Home medications:  Glyburide 10mg, once a day  Metformin 1000mg, once a day  Toprol XL 50mg, once a day Admission diagnosis:  Unstable angina Please answer the following questions: 1. Compare and contrast stable angina and unstable angina, including its presentation and treatment. a. Stable angina is predictable because it occurs when you put stress on your body such as when you exercise. This can be treated with medications such as nitroglycerin b. Unstable angina is common in chest pain that occurs when you are resting. This can be treated with medications such as heparin 2. Explain the importance of cardiac biomarkers in evaluating chest pain. a. Cardio biomarkers are having a major importance such as being able to find the diagnoses of ACS. They release into the blood when the heart is stressed and can be seen with troponin and myoglobin. 3. What are the risk factors for CAD and ACS? a. Risk factors for coronary artery disease include high cholesterol, hypertension, history of smoking, obesity or diabetes b. Risk factors for Acute coronary syndrome include smoking, high blood pressure, family history and lack of physical activity 4. Describe classic and atypical chest pain presentation. Which patients usually present with atypical pain? a. Atypical chest pain can be described as a squeezing like feeling which is caused by the heart muscle not getting enough oxygen

b. Typical chest pain is usually seen in the chest and can be described as a tightening, heavy or crushing feeling 5. Review the following article: https://journals.lww.com/nursing /fulltext/2011/10001/Preparing_a_pati ent_for_cardiac_catheterization.4.aspx a. Summarize the key teaching points for a patient scheduled for a cardiac catheterization i. The patient will be asked to be NPO for 3-8 hours before the procedure ii. They are also asked not to take any routine medicines prior to the procedure as well b. Summarize what the patient should expect and the nurse’s role post cath i. The patient is going to receive two peripheral venous access sites and infuse I.V. fluids ii. Nurse should obtain any history of allergies so there is a reduced risk of anaphylactic shock iii. The patient should void before the procedure iv. Tell the patient that they will be awake during the procedure and may have to cough at certain times 6. Review the following article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493211/#article-41082.s2 a. What are the key components of an admission assessment and history? i. The purpose of the admission assessment is obtaining any information that could be important to this current hospital visit ii. Vital signs are important to get a base on how the client is doing b. What is the nurses’ roles in completing an admission history and assessment? i. Assess any pain that the patient may be having ii. Obtain vital signs iii. Know all medications the patient has been taking even if they are prescribed or over the counter c. What is the importance in completing a good admission database? i. This will give you a full knowledge on why the patient came in and their past history that they have had ii. This is also important because you can see what their head space in mentally when assessing them d. Don’t copy and paste this information- summarize these in your own works, highlighting key points. 7. Complete the system disease template for the following conditions: a. Coronary artery disease 8. Complete the medication template for the following medications: a. Lopressor (metoprolol) b. Metformin 9. Complete the diagnostic procedure template for the following procedure:

a. Cardiac catheterization

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