Chapter 15 Review Questions Ferrous Metals (1)

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Dec 6, 2023

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Chapter 15 Ferrous Metals Review Questions 1. What is the key element that influences the properties of iron? For commercial purposes, iron must have alloying elements added to improve its characteristics. 2. What process is used to remove unwanted elements from the freshly mined iron ore? lower-content ores are processed on site by a beneficiation process that removes some of the unwanted elements, leaving an ore with high iron content. Beneficiation involves grinding ore to remove unwanted elements 3. What fuels and fluxes are commonly used in a blast furnace? Coal, oil, and natural gas are the commonly used fuels in a blast furnace, most operate on coke which is derived from coal 4. What uses are made of the slag removed from the blast furnace? Slag can be pelletized and used as an aggregate for concrete, loose fill, road surfacing, it can also be used in a mixture with low-carbon iron to create wrought iron 5. What are the commonly produced cast irons? Commonly produced cast irons include; white, gray, and malleable types 6. What are the main properties of white cast iron? White cast irons have low silicon content and are cooled rapidly. They are hard and brittle and have few applications for construction uses. 7. Why is malleable cast iron less brittle than white cast iron? it has a lower carbon content and greater ductility 8. How does the alloying element nickel affect the properties of steel? Increases elastic limit and internal strength Increases strength and toughness in heat treated steel In some steels increases hardness, fatigue, and corrosion resistance 9. If steel has a carbon content less than 0.90 percent, how does this affect the properties of the steel? The strength and hardness would be high while the ductility would decrease. The steel would be
spring grade until it dips below .85 percent, then it would be in the range of medium hard grade which resists abrasion and wear 10. How do the alloying elements copper and cobalt influence the properties of steel? Copper: increases resistance to atmospheric corrosion and increases yield strength Cobalt: Hardens or strengthens the ferrite, resists softening at high temperatures Used in high- speed tool steels 11. What are the three basic steelmaking processes? Electric arc furnace, Basic oxygen process, Induction furnace 12. How does carbon steel differ from alloy steel? Carbon steel is iron with carbon added while alloy steel contains various other materials (such as chromium, nickel, or molybdenum) that have been added in amounts exceeding a specified minimum to produce properties not avail- able in carbon steels. These elements give particular physical, mechanical, and chemical properties to the steel. 13. What are the two outstanding properties of stainless steel? Stainless steels have outstanding corrosion and oxidation resistance at a wide range of temperatures 14. Explain the purpose of each part of the AISI steel designation code. The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) steel designation code is a series of identifying numbers for carbon and alloy steels using four- or five- digit numbers. The first two digits indicate type of steel (carbon or alloy) and the last two digits indicate carbon content. For example, in AISI 1030, the 10 indicates a carbon content of 0.30 (actual range is 0.28 to 0.34). An AISI 4012 indicates a molybdenum steel alloy composed of 0.15 to 0.25 molybdenum. It has 0.09–0.14 carbon, 0.75–1.00 manganese, 0.035 phosphorus maximum, 0.040 sulfur maximum, and 0.15–0.35 silicon 15. Why does stainless steel resist corrosion? The chromium alloying element gives stainless steel its corrosion-resistance qualities and produces a thin, hard, invisible film over the surface, which inhibits corrosion 16. What are the three groups of stainless and heat-resisting steels? Ferritic, martensitic, austenitic 17. Identify the following structural steel shapes: W, S, HP, ST, HSS, C, M. W: Wide flange, S: American standard beam, HP: Bearing pile, ST: Structural tee, HSS: Hollow structural sections, C: Channel, M: miscellaneous 18. How is welded wire fabric used in building construction? Welded wire fabric is used to reinforce concrete slabs 19. What tests are used on metal to determine its hardness?
Some of the more frequently used tests include analyses of hardness, tensile strength, and fatigue 20. What does a tensile test show? Determines the mechanical properties of a metal that is being pulled apart. Tensile tests show how much force can pull on it in either direction before it gives 21. What does a fatigue test show? Fatigue testing determines the stress level a metal can withstand without failure when subjected to an in- finitely large number of repeated alternating stresses. Typical tests include subjecting a specimen, such as a beam, to rotating motion while under a bending movement. Another test involves bending the metal back and forth without rotating it.
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