Chapter 15 Review Questions Ferrous Metals (1)
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Chapter 15
Ferrous Metals
Review Questions
1.
What is the key element that influences the properties of iron?
For commercial purposes, iron must have
alloying elements
added to improve its
characteristics.
2.
What process is used to remove unwanted elements from the freshly mined iron ore?
lower-content ores are processed on site by a
beneficiation
process that removes some
of the unwanted elements, leaving an ore with high iron content. Beneficiation involves
grinding ore to remove unwanted elements
3.
What fuels and fluxes are commonly used in a blast furnace?
Coal, oil, and natural gas are the commonly used fuels in a blast furnace, most operate
on coke which is derived from coal
4.
What uses are made of the slag removed from the blast furnace?
Slag can be pelletized and used as an aggregate for concrete, loose fill, road surfacing, it can also be
used in a mixture with low-carbon iron to create wrought iron
5.
What are the commonly produced cast irons?
Commonly produced cast irons include; white, gray, and malleable types
6.
What are the main properties of white cast iron?
White cast irons have low silicon content and are cooled rapidly. They are hard and brittle
and have few applications for construction uses.
7.
Why is malleable cast iron less brittle than white cast iron?
it has a lower carbon content and greater ductility
8.
How does the alloying element nickel affect the properties of steel?
Increases elastic limit and internal strength
Increases strength and toughness in heat treated steel
In some steels increases hardness, fatigue, and corrosion resistance
9.
If steel has a carbon content less than 0.90 percent, how does this affect the properties of the steel?
The strength and hardness would be high while the ductility would decrease. The steel would be
spring grade until it dips below .85 percent, then it would be in the range of medium hard grade
which resists abrasion and wear
10.
How do the alloying elements copper and cobalt influence the properties of steel?
Copper: increases resistance to atmospheric corrosion and increases yield strength
Cobalt: Hardens or strengthens the ferrite, resists softening at high temperatures Used in high- speed
tool steels
11.
What are the three basic steelmaking processes?
Electric arc furnace, Basic oxygen process, Induction furnace
12.
How does carbon steel differ from alloy steel?
Carbon steel is iron with carbon added while alloy steel contains various other materials
(such as
chromium, nickel, or molybdenum) that have been added in amounts exceeding a specified
minimum to produce properties not avail- able in carbon steels. These elements give
particular physical, mechanical, and chemical properties to the steel.
13.
What are the two outstanding properties of stainless steel?
Stainless steels have outstanding corrosion and oxidation resistance at a wide range of
temperatures
14.
Explain the purpose of each part of the AISI steel designation code.
The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) steel designation code is a series of
identifying numbers for carbon and alloy steels using four- or five- digit numbers. The
first two digits indicate type of steel (carbon or alloy) and the last two digits indicate
carbon content. For example, in AISI 1030, the 10 indicates a carbon content of 0.30
(actual range is 0.28 to 0.34). An AISI 4012 indicates a molybdenum steel alloy
composed of 0.15 to 0.25 molybdenum. It has 0.09–0.14 carbon, 0.75–1.00 manganese,
0.035 phosphorus maximum, 0.040 sulfur maximum, and 0.15–0.35 silicon
15.
Why does stainless steel resist corrosion?
The chromium alloying element gives stainless steel its corrosion-resistance qualities and
produces a thin, hard, invisible film over the surface, which inhibits corrosion
16.
What are the three groups of stainless and heat-resisting steels?
Ferritic, martensitic, austenitic
17.
Identify the following structural steel shapes: W, S, HP, ST, HSS, C, M.
W: Wide flange, S: American standard beam, HP: Bearing pile, ST: Structural tee, HSS: Hollow
structural sections, C: Channel, M: miscellaneous
18.
How is welded wire fabric used in building construction?
Welded wire fabric is used to reinforce concrete slabs
19.
What tests are used on metal to determine its hardness?
Some of the more frequently used tests include analyses of hardness, tensile strength,
and fatigue
20.
What does a tensile test show?
Determines the mechanical properties of a metal that is being pulled apart. Tensile tests show how much
force can pull on it in either direction before it gives
21.
What does a fatigue test show?
Fatigue testing determines the stress level a metal can withstand without failure when
subjected to an in- finitely large number of repeated alternating stresses. Typical tests
include subjecting a specimen, such as a beam, to rotating motion while under a bending
movement. Another test involves bending the metal back and forth without rotating it.
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Related Questions
High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels were originally developed to reduce the weight of automobiles. These steels have higher mechanical properties than the low-carbon steels that they replaced.
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True
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true
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When performing a quench to cool a product, the quench rate affects the outcome of the process. TRUE OR FALSE:
3 principal driving forces for the development of mechanical properties during heat treatment.
Group of answer choices
Microstructure Changes
Formation of Surface Oxide
Cooling Rate
Ambient Temperature
Heating Rate
Diffusion Rate
Heating Method
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Tempering is a heat treatment applied to hardened steels that is best defined as which of
the following (one correct answer):
O heating and soaking at a temperature above the austenitizing level followed by rapid cooling
O heating and soaking at a temperature above the austenitizing level followed by slow cooling
O heating and soaking at a temperature below the austenitizing level followed by rapid cooling
O heating and soaking at a temperature below the austenitizing level followed by slow cooling
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2. Thin pieces of .25 mm thick strips of 1080 steel are heat treated in the following ways. Determine
the microstructure of the steel samples after each treatment:
a.) Heat for 1 hour to 875°C; salt water-quench.
b.) Heat for 1 hour to 875°C; quench in molten salt to 300°C and hold 1 hour; air cool.
c.) Heat for 1 hour to 875°C; quench in molten salt to 700°C and hold 2 hours; water quench.
d.) Heat for 1 hour to 875°C; water-quench; reheat for 1 hour at 700°C; air cool.
e.) Heat for 1 hour to 875°C; quench in molten salt to 600°C and hold 2 seconds; water quench.
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5. The table below lists the yield strength, tensile strength, and ductility of pure copper and of a number of copper-based alloys (all materials in the annealed condition).a) How does the addition of impurity atoms to copper affect each of these properties? Which property appears to be most affected (on a percentage change basis)?
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9. Typical microscopic images of spheroidite, lower bainite and tempered martensite of
an iron-carbon alloy are represented in the following images;
9.a) Briefly describe the microstructural difference between spheroidite and tempered
martensite.
9.b) Explain why tempered martensite is much harder and stronger.
9.c) Briefly describe the microstructural difference between lower bainite and tempered
martensite.
Ferrite
Cementite
Do
05 μη
lower bainite - carbides
0.5 μm
tempred martensite - carbides
in multiple directions
60 μη
oriented in the same direction
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Which of the following describes the crystal structure of steel?
Group of answer choices
Steel is a iron-carbon alloy with carbon creating a vacancy crystal defect resulting in decreased hardness compared to pure iron.
Steel is a iron-carbon alloy with carbon as an substitutional crystal defect resulting in decreased hardness compared to pure iron.
Steel is a iron-carbon alloy with carbon as an interstitial crystal defect resulting in decreased hardness compared to pure iron.
Steel is a iron-carbon alloy with carbon creating a vacancy crystal defect resulting in increased hardness compared to pure iron.
Steel is a iron-carbon alloy with carbon as an interstitial crystal defect resulting in increased hardness compared to pure iron.
Steel is a iron-carbon alloy with carbon as an substitutional crystal defect resulting in increased hardness compared to pure iron.
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We wish to produce an 0.3 inch plate of oxygen-free, high-conductivity (OFHC) copper that has a yield strength of at least 45 ksi and elongation of at least 10%. The original thickness of the plate is 3 inches. The width of the plate remains the same during processing. Which of the following procedures would give the correct final properties. More than one answer is possible.
Group of answer choices
Hot work from 3 to 0.5 inches; cold work from 0.5 to 0.3 inches
Cold work from 3 to 1 inch; cold work from 1 to 0.5 inches; hot work from 0.5 to 0.3 inches
Cold work from 3 to 1 inch; cold work from 1 to 0.4 inches; cold work from 0.4 to 0.3 inches
Cold work from 3 to 1 inch; do full anneal; cold work from 1 to 0.5 inches; do full anneal; cold work from 0.5 to 0.3 inches
Hot work from 3 to 0.4 inches; cold work from 0.4 to 0.3 inches
None of the above will work
Cold work from 3 to 0.3 inches
Cold work from 3 to 1 inch; hot work from 1 to 0.4 inches; cold work from 0.4…
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7.
Which of the following statements is suitable to describe the mechanical properties of low carbon
steels and high carbon steels without cold working treatment?
(a)
Low carbon steels containing ferrite and pearlite phases generally have lower tensile strength
than high carbon steels.
(b)
Low carbon steels containing cementite and pearlite phases generally have lower hardness than
high carbon steels.
(c)
Low carbon steels containing ferrite and cementite phases generally have higher ductility and
higher hardness than high carbon steels.
(d) Low carbon steels are generally less stiff than aluminum alloy.
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Select one:
a.
Continuous casting
b.
Die casting
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Investment casting
d.
Welding
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False
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False
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